开放经济条件下进出口贸易对劳动力就业的影响——基于中国制造业省级面板数据的实证研究

The Impact of Foreign Trade on Employment in the Open Chinese Economy:An Empirical Study Based on Chinese Manufacturing Provincial Panel Data

在开放经济条件下,对外贸易已逐步成为解决中国就业问题的一个重要途径。文章从产业类型和性别视角利用2002-2013年中国省级面板数据分析了制造业进出口贸易对劳动力就业效应的区域差异性。结果表明：整体制造业和高技术产业出口对劳动力就业均具有明显的促进作用,且对东部、中部、西部地区就业的影响依次降低;整体制造业进口对东部地区就业具有显著的负效应,对中部、西部地区就业具有显著的正效应;高技术产业进口均抑制了东部、中部、西部地区制造业就业。进一步研究发现,制造业出口对男女性就业有显著的正向影响,且对男性就业的促进作用更大;制造业进口抑制了东部地区男女性就业,而提高了中部、西部地区男女性就业。

In the Open Chinese Economy, foreign trade has gradually become an important way of solving the unemployment problem in China. From the perspective of industry type and gender, this paper uses the Chinese manufacturing provincial panel data from 2002 to 2013 to analyze the impact of importexport trade on employment in the manufacturing sector. The results show that the overall manufacturing and high-tech industries＇ export trade has played a significant role in promoting employment in China, and the influence on employment in the Eastern region is bigger than that in the Central and Western regions. Imports of the overall manufacturing industry have a significantly negative effect on the employment in the Eastern region, but a positive one on the employment in the Central and Western regions. High-tech industry imports curb the employment in the manufacturing sector both in the Eastern, Central and Western regions. Further study reveals that manufacturing exports have a significantly positive impact on employment for both males and females, with a greater increase in male employment. Imports of the manufacturing industry have reduced the employment of both male and female in the Eastern region, but raised the employment of both male and female in the Central and Western regions.