梨果实若干性状的遗传倾向

Studies on Inheritance Tendency of Some Characters of Pears

以梨 12个杂交组合和 138个栽培品种为试材 ,研究几个果实性状的遗传倾向 ,结果如下 :栽培品种果实含糖量集中在 6 %～ 9%,平均为 7.39%;果实含糖量表现为数量性状 ,呈正态分布 ,杂种后代果实含糖量主要分布在 6 %～ 10 %,平均为 7.8%,遗传传递力平均为 90 .8%。栽培品种含酸量介于0 .0 8%～ 0 .74%,平均为 0 .2 38%;杂种后代果实含酸量为数量性状 ,组合遗传传递力平均为 6 9.2 %。梨果实挥发性物质共检测出 5种酯类、 8种醇类和乙烯、乙醛、丙酮类共 16种化合物。杂种后代果实中发现了其亲本果实中所没有的戊醇成分。果实肉质性状表现为质量性状 ,脆肉对软肉为显性。杂种后代表现为果点变大、密 ,果柄变长 ,果汁变少 ,果皮厚度相当于亲中值。

progenies and 138 varieties of 4 species of pears were used for discussing the inheritance tendency of main characters of pears. The results were as following:The sugar content of the fruits of cultivated varieties was between 6% and 9%, the average was 7.39%, and it was on the moderate low side .The sugar content of the fruits of the progenies was quantitative character and presented normal distribution. The total sugar content of the samples were between 6% and 8%,The average was 7.848%, and the average inheritance of transfer ability was 90.8%. The acid contents of cultivated varieties were from 0.08% to 0.74%, the average was 0.238%. The acid content of the fruits of pear hybrid progenies was the quantitative character, and its average inheritance of transfer ability was 69.2%.There were 16 kinds of compounds including 5 kinds of ester, 8 kinds of alcohols, ethylene, aldehyde, and acetone as the volatile substance of the fruits of the pear progenies. Amyl alcohol was found in the fruits of pear hybrid progenies, which had not been in the parents.The flesh quality of pear was qualitative character. Comparing to soft-flesh, crisp-flesh was dominant. The fruit spot of pear hybrid progenies tended to get larger and thinner; the fruit stalk tended to get longer; and the fruit juice tended to get less; and the thickness of the fruit coat was equal to the mid-parent value.