水产养殖投入品中药物残留检测方法研究及现状分析

Detection methods for drug residues in aquaculture inputs and its status analysis

目的建立不同类别水产养殖投入品中氯霉素类、孔雀石绿、己烯雌酚、磺胺类和喹诺酮类等5类14种药物残留的检测方法,用于调查和评价水产养殖投入品中药物残留现状。方法利用液相色谱-串联质谱仪和酶标仪,结合固相萃取等前处理净化方法,建立投入品中14种药物残留的检测技术,并用于实际水产养殖饲料样品、防治病药物和水质环境改良剂样品中药物残留含量的测定。结果饲料样品中5类药物检出率为62.5%,防治病药物中检出率为8.33%,水质环境改良剂中均未检出这5类药物残留。另外,检出药物品种主要为氟苯尼考和少量喹诺酮类,皆未超出国家限量。结论初步评估了投入品在水产养殖中的潜在风险:在水产养殖饲料样品中普遍添加国家限用药物,监管部门应加强其生产和使用管理;在防治病药物中需要注意药物的有效成分和比例;而目前水质改良剂相对比较安全,可根据需要放心使用。

Objective To develop detection methods for 5 groups of drug residues in different types of aquaculture inputs,including chloramphenicols,malachite green,diethylstilbestrol,sulfonamides and quinolones,in order to investigate and evaluate the current status of drug residues in aquaculture inputs.Method The detection technology of 14 kinds of drug residues was established by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and ELISA,combined with pretreatment method of solid-phase extraction.Then the methods were used to detect the content of drug residues in practical aquaculture feed,drugs for preventing and treating disease and water quality improver.Results The results showed that the detection rate of 5 groups of drug residues in aquaculture feed was62.5%,in drugs for preventing and treating disease was 8.33%and the tested drug residues were not detected in water quality improver.Moreover,it was indicatied that the main drug residues were florfenicol and quinolones,and were lower than the national limited standards.Conclusion The potential risks of aquaculture inputs were also preliminary assessed.The limited drugs were generally added in aquaculture feed samples,which should be controlled strictly during production and application,more attention should be paid to the effective composition and proportion in preventing and treating disease,and the water quality improver was relatively safe to use.