艾滋病高流行区农村留守妇女艾滋病高危行为分析

Analysis of high risk behaviors among left-behind women in high HIV epidemic rural areas

目的 了解云南省艾滋病高流行区留守妇女艾滋病高危行为现况及影响因素。方法 于2015年3~5月,采用按规模大小成比例抽样法（probability proportionate to size sampling,PPS）抽样法对云南省德宏州、临沧市的500名留守妇女进行一对一问卷调查,收集相关信息。结果 留守妇女艾滋病知晓率为71.0%,35岁以上年龄、初中以下文化水平、在婚、汉族、现居临沧市、未曾接受艾滋病干预服务者知晓率较低。近一年28.6%留守妇女有过丈夫以外的性伴。多性伴行为危险因素：年龄35岁以上、少数民族、丧偶、现居住德宏州、未曾接受艾滋病相关服务、配偶有吸毒行为。临时性行为、商业性行为安全套使用率分别为20.7%、58.3%。1.4%留守妇女吸毒。67.4%接受过艾滋病干预服务。结论 云南省艾滋病高流行区留守妇女艾滋病知识认知程度较低,多性伴比例较高且安全套使用率较低,今后应加大对艾滋病高流行区农村留守妇女的干预力度,尤其是少数民族、低文化水平、未曾接受过相关干预服务者的干预,重点关注多性伴、有吸毒行为留守的妇女。

Objective To investigate the high risk behaviors and factors influencing human immunodeficiency vi- rus （HIV） transmission among left-behind women （LBW） in rural areas with high HIV prevalence in China. Methods A cross-sectional investigation was conducted among 500 left-behind women from two high HIV prevalence areas in China during March to May, 2015. Probability proportion to size sampling （PPS） method was used for data analysis. Results The rate of AIDS awareness among LBW was 71.0%. A lower AIDS awareness rate were found in women aged over 35, at low education level, remarried and Han ethnic women, those from Lincang city or/and those didn＇ t accept AIDS interven- tions. 28. 6% of total LBW investigated had multi sex partner. Muhi-factor logistic regression analysis showed age under 35, minority, widowhood, living in Lincang city, acception to AIDS interventions and spouse with drug addiction remain important factors in high risk of multi sexual behaviors. The rates of condom use of sex with a casual or commercial sex partner were 20. 7% and 58. 3% respectively. The rate of drug abuse among LBWs was 1.4%. The rate of acceptance to AIDS intervention was 67.4%. Conclusions Low rates of AIDS awareness, multi sexual partners and low rates of condom use were defined in LBW from high HIV prevalence areas in Yunnan province. HIV prevention interventions among LBW need to focus on minorities, women with low education levels, women without acceptance to AIDS interventions and women had multi-sex partners and drug addictions.