认知访谈在职业人群健康素养量表编制中的应用

Application of cognitive interview in the development of health literacy scale for occupational population

目的探讨认知访谈技术在职业人群健康素养量表编制中的应用。方法通过专业人员小组访谈收集职业人群健康素养评价指标,结合国内外相关量表问题,形成初测问卷。通过实施认知访谈,查找受试者与研究者之间的认知偏差,优化问题结构、提问方式及语词使用。结果本研究共实施2轮认知访谈,第一轮访谈从事职业卫生相关工作的人员12名,重点探讨职业健康素养的相关概念;第二轮访谈各类在职人员26名,重点关注问卷条目的设计。通过对受试者认知过程的分析,发现初测问卷在提问方式、用词及选项设置方面的问题,对问卷进行修改完善。结论认知访谈是一种验证问卷质量的方法,可发现受试者在答题过程中遇到的问题,从而发现和改善问卷设计上的缺陷,提高问卷的信度和效度。

Objective To explore the application of cognitive interview technique in the development of health lit- eracy scale among occupational population. Methods The preliminary scale was developed by collecting the evaluation in- dicators of health literacy through focus group interview among occupational population, and combining the questions from related scales in China and abroad. Then, the scale was finalized by conducting the cognitive interview to find the devia- tions between investigators and participants as well as optimizing the question structure, formulation and words usage. Re- suits Two cognitive interviews were conducted. One interview was carried out to explore the related concept of occupation- al health literacy among 12 workers from occupational health field, and the other was to focus on the scale items among 26 workers from different fields. Through analyzing the cognitive process of participants, the preliminary scale was found some problems on the question formulation, words usage and option settings. Then the scale was revised and improved. Conclu- sions The cognitive interview is a method to verify the quality of scale, which could help the researchers to find the prob- lems and defects of the scale when respondents answered the questions, and then improve the reliability and validity of the Scale.