从逃离到协作:美国“在家上学”类型及与公立学校关系的发展

From Fleeing to Collaboration:The Development of the Homeschooling Type and its Relationship with Public Schools in the United States

在美国,"在家上学"是在学校教育制度充分发展基础之上出现的一种教育形式,是家长期许孩子能在自由的学习形式下成长成才的一种自主选择。20世纪90年代"在家上学"实现合法化后,获得了更多的生长资源,它与公立学校的合作不断增加,促使自身类型日益多样化。在社会的支持与包容中,"在家上学"在实现自身发展的同时,也刺激着公立学校的教育创新与变革。从家长自力更生到外部资源日益丰富,"在家上学"的成长历程体现了美国各州对个人教育需求的尊重、满足与规范、管制,充分展现了国家教育权与家长教育权之间的博弈。

In the United States,homeschooling is a form of education choices basedon the full development of school education system,which is an independent choice of theparents to let their children grow in a relatively free learning space. After the realization ofits legalization in the 1990 s,homeschooling got more resources to grow,especially its coop-eration with public schools increased. So the type of homeschooling diversified. With the so-cial support and tolerance,homeschooling realized its own development and stimulated theeducational innovation and reform of public schools. From self-reliance to the increasinglyrich external resource,the growth stages of homeschooling reflects the states of America re-spect parents＇ educational demands,and protect their rights,and make laws to regulate it. Itfully shows the game between national education power and parents＇ educational rights.