三种信息化合物对叶蝉及其优势天敌的生态效应

Ecological effects of three semiochemicals on Empoasca vitis Gothe and its main natural enemies

【目的】为了探讨外源信息化合物对茶小绿叶蝉Empoasca vitis G?the其优势天敌时序动态的影响和对叶蝉的生态控制效应,本文研究了3种外源信息化合物对茶园小绿叶蝉和蜘蛛种群数量的影响。【方法】将用水杨酸(SA)、水杨酸甲酯(MeSA)、芳樟醇及添加有抗氧化剂和抗紫外线剂浸泡后的诱芯在田间悬挂1、3、7、14 d后,在距诱芯1、2、3 m处分别调查了茶小绿叶蝉和蜘蛛的个体数,以正己烷浸泡的诱芯作对照。【结果】不同处理均使叶蝉的种群数量下降,其中以水杨酸的抑制作用最明显,水杨酸甲酯次之;悬挂7 d后对叶蝉的数量影响最大,显著低于悬挂前。各处理均能增加蜘蛛种群数量,以水杨酸甲酯对蜘蛛的诱集作用最明显;悬挂3 d后蜘蛛数量增加最多;不同距离的诱芯对叶蝉和天敌密度影响差异均不明显。【结论】外源SA和MeSA能够降低田间茶小绿叶蝉的种群密度,并对天敌具有一定的诱集效果,研究结果为茶园叶蝉的防治与优势天敌的保护和利用提供了重要的依据。

[Objectives] To explore the ecological effects of the exogenous application of semiochemicals on Empoasca vitis and its main natural enemies. [Methods] We investigated the effects of three semiochemicals on E. vitis and predatory spiders. We soaked lures in either salicylic acid（SA）, methyl salicylate（MeSA）, linalool, antioxidant, and a UV resistant agent, and hung them in the field. Lures soaked in n-hexane served as a control. After 1, 3, 7 and 14 d, we investigated the number of E. vitis and predatory spiders within 1, 2 and 3 m of the center of each lure. [Results] Numbers of E. vitis decreased under all 3 treatments. SA had the most significant repellent effect followed by MeSA. There was a significant decline in the number of E. vitis after 7 d. Spider numbers increased under all treatments but MeSA attracted significantly more spiders than the other treatments. The maximum number of spiders was recorded after 3 days. There was no significant trend in the abundance of E. vitis or its natural enemies with distance from the center of each lure. [Conclusion] SA and MeSA can both reduce the abundance of E. vitis, and attract spiders, in tea plantations. These results provide a basis for further research on the control of E. vitis, and attracting its main natural enemies, in tea plantations.