常道与变易的困境——朱熹论“汤武革命”

The Dilemma of the Constant Tao and Changes——“Tang Wu Revolution” in the Opinion of Zhu Xi

"汤武革命"是中国传统政治学的一个重要问题,儒家学说内部"忠孝"与"革命"的张力展现于这一问题之中。朱熹顺承孟子所提出的相关问题,一方面认为当人心发生变化时,天命移转具有合法性;另一方面也担心有人以此为借口改朝换代,破坏政治秩序。在这一问题上,他的思想表现出一定的矛盾与无奈。他化解这一矛盾的方式则是"格君心之非"。

＂Tang Wu Revolution＂ is often discussed in China＇ s traditional politics for the tension of royalty and revolution from the Confucian thought is manifested much. According to Zhu Xi, when the will of the people changes, the power transformation is right, from which comes another worry that some put it as an excuse to overthrow the government and destroy the political order. It can be seen from this that Zhu Xi is contradictory in his ideas, and his solution is to correct the wrong thoughts of kings and emperors.