长期护理保险:化解社会老龄化危机的重要路径

Long- term Care Insurance:the Important Path to Dissolve the Crisis of Aging Society

为应对人口老龄化的挑战,发达国家纷纷建立长期护理保险制度。依据不同的制度特征,它们大致可以分为社会保险型、商业保险型和国家福利型等三种模式。发达国家的长期护理保险制度为满足各国的长期护理需求发挥了重要作用,同时在制度设计、运行管理等方面积累了丰富经验。在借鉴这些经验的基础上,按照中共中央提出的"探索建立长期护理保险制度"的建议和要求,结合中国的制度环境和青岛等地试点的情况,本文提出建立以社会基本长期护理保险为基础,商业长期护理保险为补充,社会长期护理救助托底的多层次长期护理保险体系。

To cope with the challenge of population aging, many developed countries have established longterm care insurance systems, which can be roughly divided into social insurance model, commercial insurance model and national welfare model upon their features. These three models have played important roles in satisfying the different demands for long - term care in different countries, and accumulated rich experiences in system design, operation management and other aspects. Based on these experi- ences, complying with the advice and requirements of ＂try to establish a long -term care insurance system＂ put forward by the central government, and considering our country＇ s institutional environment and the pilot situation in Qingdao City, this article proposes that our country should build a multi -level long - term care insurance system, in which social basic long - term care insurance is main body, commercial longterm care insurance is supplement, and social longterm care assistance is foundation.