风沙环境下高速列车气动性能研究

Aerodynamic characteristics of high-speed trains in sandstorm

为研究高速列车在风沙环境下的气动特性,基于多相流中的欧拉模型理论,建立了高速列车空气动力学模型。数值计算分析了高速列车在0°与90°风向角下的气动特性变化规律。计算结果表明:与无沙情况相比,列车在0°与90°的风向角下,头车的正压区域变大,尾车的正压区域变小,沙尘对头车的冲击最为严重;在0°风向角有沙情况下,列车头车、中间车、尾车的阻力均增大,列车总阻力增大6%左右,头车向下的升力与尾车向上的升力均变大,中间车的升力基本不变;在90°风向角有沙情况下,头车与中间车的阻力变大,尾车阻力变小,列车的总阻力变大,头车、中间车和尾车的升力均减小、侧力均增加。

In order to study the aerodynamic characteristics of high-speed trains in sandstorm, an aerodynamic model of the high-speed trains was established based on the Eulerian method. With this model, the aerodynamic characteristics of high-speed trains were calculated in winds with 0°and 90° angle, respectively. Results show that when the trains were running in sandstorm and the wind angle were 0°and 90°,the area of positive pressure on the head train became larger, the area of positive pressure on the tail train became smaller, the erosion effect of sand on head train was worse. When the wind angle was 0° and the trains were running in sandstorm, the drag forces of head train, middle train and tail train were bigger than those in crosswind and the total drag force of the train increased by about 6%; the lift force in vertical downward direction of the head train increased, the lift force in vertical upward direction of the tail train increased, the lift force of the middle train was almost the same. When the wind angle was 90°,the drag forces of head train and middle train became larger ,the drag force of the tail train became smaller, the total drag force of the train increased; the side forces of the head train, middle train, tail train increased and the lift forces of those increased.