转型期城市居民群际信任的层级性特征--基于深圳、哈尔滨、烟台调查数据的探索性研究

The Characteristics of the Trust Grade among the Citizen Groups in the Transaction Period

转型期的中国出现了明显的社会阶层分化,以职业为基础的阶层群际信任对于维护社会秩序变得愈加重要。文章采用来自深圳、哈尔滨、烟台三地的群际信任调查数据,探索性地考察了群际信任的结构特征及其在不同地域、不同主观阶层认同人群中的表现。研究发现:(1)当代中国城市居民的群际信任结构和水平具有明显的层级性,职业群体可以分为上位群体、中位群体和下位群体,也相应地显示出上位信任、中位信任和下位信任的群际信任三层结构,且不论地域和主观阶层认同,中位群体得到的群际信任最高,呈现显著的"中位信任优势";(2)社会变迁越是剧烈的地方,如深圳和哈尔滨,越有可能出现群际信任危机,具体表现为上位群体得到的群际信任相对最低,主观认同为社会下层的居民对社会各个职业群体普遍不予信任。

There has appeared an obvious division of social classes in the transaction period of China,in which the trust among a group has become more and more important in keeping the social order.The paper draws the data about the trust in a group from Shenzhen,Ha-erbin and Yantai,reviewing the structural characteristics of trust in a group,the appearances of trust in different places,among people with different identification of value.It reaches two conclusions.1.People can be divided into three level groups,the upper,the middle and the lower,while the group trust may also be divided into upper trust,middle trust and lower trust correspondently,with an advantage of middle trust.2.It is most possible to occur trust crisis in group in the place where social change happens seriously.There the upper trust may be got trust lest in a group,such as in Shenzhen and Ha-erbin.Subjective identification can get the trust lest in a group.