煤炭矿区地下水变化对生态环境的影响研究

Effect of mining-induced groundwater change on ecological environment in coal mining area

以毛乌素沙地梅林庙煤矿为研究区,采用Landsat8和地下水观测资料为研究数据,通过地表温度、地下水埋深、归一化差分植被指数（NDVI）的计算,建立空间数据集,开展地下水埋深与NDVI和地表温度相关性分析。研究发现地下水埋深在小于1m时,NDVI与地下水埋深为弱正相关,与地表温度呈负相关。地下水埋深在1-2m时,NDVI与地下水位为弱的负相关,与地表温度为负相关,当地下水埋深2-5m时,NDVI与地下水位不相关,而与地表温度继续为负相关。由此判断地下水埋深在1-2m是毛乌素沙地植被的最佳生态水位,也是生态环境影响的重要水位指标,当水位变化超过这个范围,生态环境将发生明显变化。

In the study area of Merlinmiao coal mine in Mu Us Desert,the paper researched the relativity between NDVI with groundwater depth and land surface temperature（ LST）, by calculating NDVI and LST, which is needed to established spatial data with the Landsat8 and groundwater depth data. It is shown that NDVI is weak positive correlated with groundwater depth table,but negative correlated with LST,when the depth of groundwater is less than 1m. The NDVI is weak negative correlated with groundwater depth table and negative correlated with LST,when the depth of groundwater is 1 - 2m. The NDVI has no correlation with groundwater depth table,which is negative correlated with LST,when the depth of groundwater is 2 - 5m. It is presented that ecology environment is the best when groundwater depth is 1 - 2m,which is obviously changed when the groundwater depth is beyond this range.