高铁运营过程岗位链条安全风险识别与优化分析

Risk identification and optimization of the post chain on the high-speed rail operation process

为有效预防和减少高铁运营事故,消除高铁运营过程岗位链条安全风险识别存在的主观性较强、可操作性较弱的缺陷,降低安全风险因子获取的随机性,基于危险与可操作性研究方法,研究高速铁路运营过程岗位链条安全风险识别与优化问题。首先,基于对线路基础、运行调度、列控中心及列车运行系统的研究,建立高铁运营过程岗位链条模型;然后,采用危险与可操作性分析方法对运行调度进行安全风险因子识别,涉及"钢轨"、"道床"、"路基"、"桥隧建筑物"、"道岔"、"信号设备"、"接触网"、"供电设备"8大设施设备;最后,运用粗集理论对安全风险指标体系进行优化分析。结果表明,外轨超高、路基翻浆冒泥、桥隧建筑物坍塌、道岔故障、信号设备故障、接触网供电线路中断6大因素为运行调度单元的核心风险影响因素。

The paper is aimed at proposing an hazard and operability analysis（HAZOP） method for the high-speed railway operation and management in hoping to prevent or at least to reduce the high-speed railway transportation accidents remarkably.For the said purpose,we have to explore the possibility on how to reduce the liabilities of the objectionable subjectivity and mindless commanding in the actual process.Therefore,it is of great need to define and determine the appropriate instructions,the degree of deviation of the parameters in each area,in addition to the failure and adverse effects of the operation involved,so as to fulfill the high speed railway operation process,for which great attention should be paid to the safety risk identification and optimization of the operation.In doing so,first of all,it is necessary to establish a railway operational control center and system based on the total rail-line operation schedule system based on the duty-service chain models.Secondly,it is necessary to illustrate all the safety risk factors of the operation scheduling system with the HAZOP method,including all the links concerned,such as the rail signal devices,the catenaries and power supply equipment,in addition to the ballast,subgrade,the bridge construction and maintenance system.And,finally,it is essential to optimize the risk-avoiding indexes system by using the ambiguity theory.Thus,the results of the given paper tend to show that there are six principal factors that tend to make impact on the operation of the aforementioned sections and links.If not,it is likely for the subgrade frost boiling to come out and in turn for the bridges and tunnels to get collapsed,which are sure to affect the normal operations of the signal device and the contact power supply in the whole line.Thus,it can be seen that the present study can be expected to provide an important reference for the safety risk monitoring and earlywarning of high-speed railway operations.It is also expected to serve as a technical support to establish a safety monitoring and early-warning core index system for the high speed railway.