中北大学老年人慢性阻塞性肺疾病整群抽样调查

A Survey on Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Elderly Patients of North University of China

目的 了解中北大学65岁以上教职工及家属（以下简称“老年人”）的吸烟及慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）患病情况。方法 采取整群抽样的方法,选取全校812名老年人为研究对象,用自制问卷对其进行一般资料、吸烟情况、呼吸道症状的调查,并对204名有慢性呼吸道症状的老年人进行肺功能检测,对所得数据进行统计学分析。结果 研究人群中,男性老年人COPD患病率为12.1%（52/430）,女性COPD患病率为3.1%（12/382）,男性老年人COPD患病率明显高于女性,差异有统计学意义（χ^2=22.33,P=0.000）。65岁组老年人COPD患病率为5.3%（19/356）,75岁组老年人COPD患病率为8.2%（31/380）,85岁组老年人COPD患病率为18.4%（14/76）。COPD患病率随着患者年龄的增大而增加,且不同年龄段老年人COPD患病率差异有统计学意义（χ^2=14.842,P=0.001）。男性老年人吸烟率为88.6%（381/430）,女性老年人吸烟率为1.3%（5/382）,男性老年人吸烟率明显高于女性,差异有统计学意义（χ^2=618.13,P=0.000）。结论我校老年人COPD患病率较高,且既往确诊率较低,应逐渐推广肺功能检测,力争做到COPD的早发现、早诊断、早治疗;同时应积极开展健康教育,帮助更多吸烟者戒烟,切实保障老年人的身体健康。

Objective To investigate smoking and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD） in the work- ing staff and their family members aged 65 and above （hereinafter referred to as ＂the elderly＂） of North Uni- versity of China. Methods With a cluster sampling method, 812 elderly people were selected to do a self-de- signed questionnaire to investigate their general information, smoking and respiratory symptoms, and 204 eld- erly people with chronic respiratory symptoms were tested their pulmonary function and the data were statisti- cally analyzed. Results Among all the people surveyed, COPD rate of the elderly male was 12.1% （52/430）, that of the elderly female was 3.1% （12/382）, and their difference was statistically significant （χ^2=22.33, P =0.000）. the incidence of COPD in the 65-year-old group was 5.3% （19/356）, the incidence of COPD in the 75-year-old group was 8.2% （31/380）, the incidence of COPD in the 85-year-old group was 18.4% （14/76）. The incidence of COPD increased with aging and the differences of the incidence of COPD in different age groups were statistically significant （χ^2 = 14.842, P = 0.001）. The smoking rate of the elderly male was 88.6 （381/430）, that of the elderly female was 1.3% （5/382）, and the difference was statistically significant （χ^2 = 618.13, P =0.000）. Conclusion The incidence of COPD in elderly people of North University of China is high and the previous diagnosis rate is low, so the university should gradually expand pulmonary function tests to a- chieve early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment of COPD, and also should actively carry out health education to help more smokers to quit and effectively protect the health of the elderly.