规模化蛋鸡养殖粪便管理过程碳足迹及其温室效应初探

Carbon Footprint and Integrated Greenhouse Effect in the Manure Management of Scaled Layer Farm

畜禽养殖已经成为农业活动温室气体排放的主要来源之一,蛋鸡养殖的粪便管理过程是温室气体排放的重要环节,但研究较少。试验选择典型规模化蛋鸡养殖场为对象,研究清粪、运输、处理和利用四个阶段甲烷(CH_4)和二氧化碳(CO_2)排放量的差异,分析规模化蛋鸡养殖粪便管理过程碳足迹及其温室效应。结果显示:养殖规模为60万只的蛋鸡场粪便管理过程每天向大气排放的CH_4的量为(43 022.12±656.57)L,CO_2的量为(847 695.27±993.92)L,温室气体为(1 751 159±14 756.99)L CO_2-eq;平均每只蛋鸡排放(2.92±0.02)L CO_2-eq;每生产1 kg鸡蛋粪便管理过程的碳足迹为(0.135±0.001)kg CO_2-eq;蛋鸡粪便管理四个阶段的温室气体排放量差异显著(P<0.05),其相互关系为:利用阶段>处理阶段>清粪阶段>运输阶段。本研究能为规模化蛋鸡场粪便管理过程筛选温室气体减排技术和降低碳排放强度提供科学支撑。

Animal husbandry has become one of the main sources of greenhouse gas emissions from agricultural activities. The manure management process is an important part of greenhouse gas emissions, but not much research had been done on it. This experiment chose the typical scale layer farm to study the methane （CH,） and carbon dioxide （CO2） emissions during cleaning, composting, transportation and recycling, analysis on the carbon footprint and its greenhouse effect in the management of manure from the scale of laying hens. The results showed that a 60 million layer farm produced （43 022.12±656.57） L/d CH4 and （847 695.27±993.92） L/d CO2 in manure management system; greenhouse gas was （1 751 159±14 756.99） L/d CO2-eq. Average every layer discharged （2.92±0.02） L CO2-eq. Each production of 1 kg eggs manure management process of carbon footprint was （0.135±0.001） kg CO2-eq. The greenhouse gas emissions in four stages of layer manure management had significant differences （P〈0.05）and the relationship was： recycling stage〉composting stage〉cleaning stage〉transportation stage. This study might provide scientific support for selection of greenhouse gas or carbon reduction technology of scale layer farm manure management system.