皖北地区水文要素演变特征分析

An Analysis of Evolution Characteristics of Hydrological Elements in Northern Anhui

以皖北地区及其周边的16个气象站点1957-2013年的降水、气温、蒸发数据和6个水文站点1960-2006年的径流数据为基础资料,对该地区水文要素进行分析。结果表明：从趋势性方面看,皖北地区年降水量和年径流量均没有明显的增加和减少趋势,而气温和蒸发则表现出相反的变化趋势,其中气温呈现出较为明显增加趋势,而蒸发量下降明显。从突变性方面看,皖北地区年降水量、蒸发量和径流量均无明显突变,而气温则在1993年突变性地上升。从周期性方面看,皖北地区年降水量存在2-3a和5-6a的震荡周期;年均气温存在4-5a的震荡周期;年蒸发量存在5-6a的震荡周期;年径流量存在5~6a的震荡周期和16a左右的震荡周期。

Based on the data of precipitation,temperature,evaporation,and runoff supported by 16 meteorological stations and 6hydrological stations in Northern Anhui and its surroundings,this paper analyzes the hydrological factors in the region.The results are as follows：In terms of trend,the annual precipitation and annual runoff have no obvious trend of increase and decrease,while the temperature and evaporation show the opposite trend,the temperature presents a relatively obvious increasing trend,and evaporation decreases obviously.In terms of paroxysmal,the annual precipitation,evaporation and runoff has no obvious mutation,while temperature rose suddenly in 1993.In terms of periodic,the annual precipitation has an oscillation cycle of 2~3years and about 16years;the annual average temperature has an oscillation cycle of 4to 5years;the annual evaporation has an oscillation cycle of 5~6years;the annual runoff has an oscillation cycle of 5~6years and about 16 years.