天山西部山区土地利用/土地覆被时空变化特性研究

The Spatial-temporal Variation Characteristics of LUCC in the West of Tianshan Mountain Areas

鉴于强烈人类活动与气候变化的影响,所在区域土地利用/土地覆被变化(LUCC)已经或正在受到了一定的影响,进而可能影响到与LUCC相关方面。为合理的预知河流源区所在区域LUCC的变化情况,指导产汇流研究工作、制定变化环境下的自然灾害预警机制及水利工程兴利效益的发挥等,借助1990、1995、2000、2005、2010年5期1∶10万土地利用/土地覆被数据,以天山西部山区的喀什河流域为典型区开展了土地利用/土地覆被时空变化特性研究。研究结果表明:1研究区不同土利用类型中以林地、草地、水域和未利用土地为主,以草地所占的面积最大,占全流域面积的66%;2从空间上可以看出,耕地和居民点及工矿用地主要分布在下游河谷两侧区域,林地主要分布在中下游区域,水域主要分布在喀什河流域的中高山带且多以永久性冰川雪地为主;3从时间上看,土地利用类型的变化主要以2000年为临界期进行变化,2000年前研究区土地利用类型变化差异不大,总体上,近20年间,水域增加速度最快、居民点及工矿用地增加最为突出、林地与草地面积持续减少;4耕地与林地向草地、居民点及工矿用地向耕地的转换构成了研究区土地利用变化的主导过程,其他土地利用类型几乎保持不变,并且主要发生在1995-2000年。

Due to the influence of human activity and climate change, I.UCC has already been or is being affected to some degree. LUCC may also influence some related aspects. In order to reasonably know the LUCC changes in headwater areas, research is done on runoff and confluence, development of natural disaster early warning mechanism and exert economic benefits of hydraulic engi- neering so on, the spatial-temporal variation characteristics of LUCC of Kashi River Basin in the West of Tianshan Mountain Areas are discussed with the 1-100 000 LUCC datum in 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010. It is found that ①the major land use types are woodland, grassland, water and unused land. The grassland area is the largest, accounting for 66% of watershed areas. ②As can he seen from space, farmland and residential and industrial land mainly in the lower valley on both sides of the downstream area, forests are mainly located in the middle and lower reaches of the area, waters are mainly distributed in the alpine zone and composed of per-manent glacier and snow. ③The year 2000 as the critical point of the LUCC changes, change was insignificant before 2000. Overall, in recent 20 years, the water areag growing is the fastest, the residential and industrial land areas are increasing the most prominently, woodland and grassland areas continue to decline. ④Farmland, woodland and grassland, residential and industrial land to farmland conversion constitute a dominant process of land use change, other land use types remain almost unchanged, and it occurred between1995 and 2000.