杏仁凝集素提取条件的优化及性质

Optimization Extraction Condition and Partial Properties of Almond Lectin

以苦杏仁为研究材料,展开杏仁凝集素提取条件优化的试验,并对部分性质进行研究。结果表明,杏仁凝集素粗提液对人B型血的血凝效果较好;浸提液PBS＋CaCl_2的凝集活性最高;采用均匀设计的方法优化杏仁凝集素的提取工艺,得到回归方程为：Y=0.162 1＋0.139 0X_1-0.016 44X_1~2＋0.015 96X_2X_3,最佳组合为：X_l（时间）20.65 h,X_2（料液比）1︰13（g/m L）,X_3（饱和硫酸铵质量分数）80%,理论凝集活性为0.854 6,经验证试验得到杏仁凝集素粗蛋白的凝集活性为0.685 4。杏仁凝集素具有双糖和糖衍生物的专一性,而没有单糖的专一性;pH在4.5~9.5,温度30℃~50℃时具有较高的活性。

Investigate the optimal extraction condition and some characteristics of lectin from bitter almond. The results showed that the crude lactin could agglutinate all types of red blood cells without blood type specificity of human, and B type of red blood cells was better than others; The highest agglutinating activity of extraction agent was PBS＋CaCl_2; A uniform design of three variables at five levels each was carried out to obtain maximum activity of almond lectins, and regression equation was obtained as follows： Y=0.162 1＋0.139 0X_1-0.016 44X_1~2＋0.015 96X_2X_3. The optimum extraction condition was that ratio of solid-to-liquid 1︰13（g/m L） for 20.65 h followed by fractional precipitation with 80%（NH_4）_2SO_4. Under this condition, the agglutinating activity predicted and observed to be 0.854 6 and 0.685 4, respectively. The hemagglutination activity could be inhibited by disaccharide and saccharide derivatives, not by monosaccharide; The crude lactin from almond showed a broad reaction p H range 4.5~9.5, and higher agglutinating activity at temperature 30 ℃~50 ℃.