重症监护病房实施发育支持护理对低出生体重儿生长发育的影响

Effect of the developmental supportive care on the growth and development of low- birth- weight infants in the NICU

目的:研究在新生儿重症监护病房(NICU)实施发育支持护理对低出生体重儿的生命体征、胃肠功能、体质量及生长发育的影响。方法:将进入NICU的80例低出生体重儿分为试验组和对照组各40例,试验组患儿进行发育支持护理,对照组患儿不进行特殊护理,观察两组患儿生长发育、胃肠功能及出现呼吸暂停的情况。结果:试验组患儿达到正常婴儿出生体重的时间为(4.0±0.6)d,对照组为(7.2±2.3)d,两组比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01);试验组患儿入院后第7天及第14天的睡眠时间分别为(20.5±2.4)h,(20.4±1.8)h,对照组分别为(19.22±2.2)h,(19.1±1.2)h;研究过程中,试验组出现胃潴留、腹胀、呕吐等喂养不耐受及出现呼吸暂停的情况较对照组少,两组比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:发育支持护理可以保持低出生体重儿体温稳定及自身安全感,提高肠道喂养的耐受性,减少呼吸暂停的发生频率,促进低出生体重儿的生长发育,具有临床推广价值。

Objective To explore the impacts of implementation of developmental supportive care on low- birth- weight infants,including vital signs,gastrointestinal function,body mass and growth,in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit（ NICU）. Method 80 cases of low- birth- weight infants in NICU were divided into two groups,the experimental group and the control group. Each group had 40 infants. Infants in the experimental group were implemented with developmental supportive care,while the control group did not accept special cares. The growth and development,gastrointestinal function and apnea of infants were monitored. Results The recovery time to normal birth weight of infants of experimental group was（ 4. 0 ± 0. 6） d,while the recovery time of control group was（ 7. 2 ±2. 3） d. The difference was statistically significant（ P〈0. 01）. The sleep time of infants in experimental group,7 days and14 days after the infants admitted to hospital,was（ 20. 5 ± 2. 4） h and（ 20. 4 ± 1. 8） h,respectively,and that of the control group was（ 19. 22 ± 2. 2） h and（ 19. 1 ± 1. 2） h,respectively. In the experimental group,gastric retention,bloating,vomiting and apnea of infants occurred less than the control group,the difference was statistically significant（ P〈0. 01）. Conclusion Developmental supportive care is able to keep the body temperature stable,improve enteral feeding tolerance,reduce the frequency of apnea and promote growth of low- birth- weight infants. Therefore,the developmental supportive care is valuable for clinical application.