价格扭曲、技术进步偏向与就业——来自第三产业分行业的经验研究

Price Distortion,Biased-Technological Progress and Employment——Based on Empirical Analysis of the Panel Data of Tertiary Industry Sectors

从要素价格扭曲视角出发,分析了我国第三产业的就业问题。通过对要素价格扭曲、技术进步偏向和就业三者的逻辑关系推演,揭示第三产业技术进步未显著带动就业的内在原因。结果表明:第三产业内部,中性技术进步对就业影响不显著,资本偏向型技术进步又进一步阻碍了就业水平提升,两者综合作用表现出技术进步挤出就业的特征;资本-劳动相对价格扭曲加剧促使技术进步呈现资本偏向,降低了行业劳动投入,而资本-劳动绝对扭曲及变动速度差异是导致资本-劳动相对价格扭曲的主要原因。本研究验证了资本-劳动相对价格扭曲与资本偏向型技术进步理论上正向相关的论断,而在不同地区和时间段,各行业两者关系的变动存在差异。

This paper analyzes employment problem of the tertiary industry and builds an analytical framework of price distortion,biased-technological progress and employment from the perspective of price distortion,indicating the reasons why technological progress does not promote employment in tertiary industry. The result shows that： neutral technological progress has no significant influence on employment,while biased-technological progress hinders employment scale from increasing.The combination effect shows that technology deters employment. Capital and labor absolute price distortion is the main reason why capital-biased technological progress decreases labor demand. The empirical results further confirm the positive relationship of capital-labor price distortion and biased-technological progress,and the relationship has different forms in different regions and periods.