循环肿瘤DNA在非小细胞肺癌中的研究进展

Research progress of ctDNA in non-small cell lung cancer

肺癌是全世界发病率及病死率最高的恶性肿瘤，其早期诊断和监测复发与转移对提高肺癌患者5年生存率尤为重要。循环肿瘤DNA（circulatingtumorDNA，ctDNA）是一种存在于人体体液中的细胞外游离状态的DNA。非小细胞肺癌（non-smallcelllungcancer，NSCLC）患者血浆或血清ctDNA水平要显著高于健康志愿者，而且许多研究证实ctDNA水平有助于NSCLC的诊断、分期、预测疗效及判断预后。NSCLC患者ctDNA中也发现了许多基因的改变，如微卫星不稳定、杂合性丢失、DNA甲基化及基因突变。这些研究证明ctDNA可能有助于动态监测基因变化。本文就近年来ctDNA在NSCLC领域的研究进展进行综述。

Lung cancer is the malignant neoplasm with the highest incidence and mortality in the world. Early diagnosis and timely monitoring tumor relapse and metastasis are extremely important for improving five-year survival rate of lung cancer patients. Circulating tumor DNA （ctDNA） is the extracellular free DNA in human. The level of ctDNA in blood of non-small cell lung cancer patients is significantly higher than that of healthy controls. Furthermore, many studies have proved that ctDNA detection contributes to diagnosis, tumor stages, and prediction of therapeutic efficacy and prognosis. Many genetic changes, such as gene mutation, gene methylation, microsatellite instability, and loss of heterozygosity are also found in ctDNA of non-small cell lung cancer patients. These researches demonstrated that ctDNA could help to perform dynamic genetic surveillance. This study reviews the recent progress of ctDNA in non-small cell lung cancer.