冬天麻与春天麻的有效成分比较及质量评价

Comparison of Bioactive Compounds in Winter Tianma and Spring Tianma for Quality Assessment

目的:冬天麻和春天麻为不同季节采收的天麻,其价格差异很大,但质量差异不明确。为此,以天麻中具有中枢神经系统活性的天麻素、对羟基苯甲醇和腺苷为指标,评价两者质量。方法:从不同产地收集了15份冬天麻和11份春天麻样品,采用HPLC-DAD法测定这3种有效成分的含量;结合性状鉴定和统计学分析,比较冬天麻和春天麻的质量,分析天麻中这3种有效成分的含量与天麻不同商品规格和产地之间的相关性。结果:春天麻中天麻素和对羟基苯甲醇的含量之和(0.766%,n=11)为冬天麻(0.628%,n=15)的1.22倍;春天麻中天麻素、对羟基苯甲醇和腺苷的含量之和(0.787%,n=11)为冬天麻(0.653%,n=15)的1.21倍;但这两项指标均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。四川产天麻中天麻素和对羟基苯甲醇之和以及这3种有效成分的含量之和均高于陕西和云南。结论:建立的HPLC法可准确测定天麻中天麻素、对羟基苯甲醇和腺苷的含量。以这3种有效成分含量为指标,春天麻质量优于冬天麻,四川产天麻的质量优于陕西和云南。

ObjectiveThe prices are significant difference between Winter Tianma（ WTM,harvested in winter）and Spring Tianma（STM ,harvested in spring） ,but their quality are not known. An HPLC method was therefore developed to quantify the amounts ofgastrodin, p-hydroxybenzylalcohol and adenosine in Tianma samples,which were detected at their maximum absorbance wavelengthsto assess the quality of WTM and STM. Methods： 15 WTM and 11 STM samples were collected and quantified the levels of thethree bioaetive compounds. Combined with the morphological characteristics, the correlation between the various Tianma sampleswith their commercial specification and cultivation areas were further studied. Results： The results indicates that the sum of gastrod-in and p-hydroxybenzylalcohol in STM （ 0. 766% , n = 11 ） was 1.22 folds of that in WTM （0. 628 % , n = 15 ）, while the total amountof gastrodin, p-hydroxybenzylalcohol and adenosine in STM （0. 787% , n = 11 ） was 1.21 folds of that in WTM （ 0. 653% , n = 15 ）% But their differences were not significance（ P 〉 0. 05 ）. Moreover, both the sum of gastrodin and p-hydroxybenzylalcohol, and thesum of gastrodin, p-hydroxybenzylalcohol and adenosine in WTM samples harvested in Sichuan ware higher than those in Shaanxiand Yunnan of China. Conclusion ： It is concluded that the developed HPLC method is accurate to quantify the amounts of gastrod-in, p-hydroxybenzylalcohol and adenosine in Tianma samples. On the basis of the three bioactive compounds, the quality of STM isbetter than WTM, and the quality of WTM cultivated in Sichuan of China is better than those in Shaanxi and Yunnan.