国家科研信息化基础环境建设与实践

Construction and Practice of National Cyberinfrastructure for Scientific Research

科研信息化基础环境是在科研信息化劳动工具中,满足共享需求、提供共享服务、支撑科研活动的软硬件系统和信息化环境。它涵盖了以硬件设施为主的"硬"服务环境、以软件和数据为主的"软"服务环境,以及包括协同工作环境、运维平台在内的运行管理和服务环境。文章简要综述了国外科研信息化基础环境建设的最新进展,阐述了我国国家科研信息化基础环境的发展现状,通过近年来中科院在科研信息化基础环境建设中的实践与经验,分析了我国国家科研信息化基础环境建设中的不足,并针对问题提出了关于我国国家科研信息化基础环境发展的建议。

The cyberinfrastructure for scientific research is a suit of hardware and software systems which can provide general information services and sharing services for scientific research activities. It mainly includes three parts,（1） hardware services, such as high speed scientific research network, high performance computing resources, and mass storage resources for scientific data;（2） software services, for example, calculation and simulation software, data analysis software, and scientific data services;（3） collaboration and resource management platforms, for instance, social network environment, collaboration working environment, operation and maintenance of the hardware platform, and resource unified platform. This article briefly introduces the important status of cyberinfrastructure in national strategic infrastructure around the world, and reviews the latest progress and state-of-the-art of National Cyberinfrastructure for Scientific Research（NCSR）. In China, scientific researchers have constructed several cyberinfrastructures for scientific research over the past twenty years. This article concludes the practice and experiences of establishing cyberinfrastructure for scientific research in Chinese Academy of Sciences, and discusses the major problems faced in the development of NCSR：（1） NCSR has not been considered as the public welfare at the national level and reflected its strategic importance;（2） Compared with other fields in our country, NCSR lacks of overall planning;（3） NCSR＇s distribution and ability do not match with the national key science and technology infrastructures;（4） The investment mechanism of infrastructure construction, the mechanism of operation and maintenance, and the evaluation system of service and career development have not been formed. This article also suggests for the development of NCSR：（1） NCSR is the key infrastructure for promoting scientific and technological innovation-driven development strategy. Our country should invest and construct NCSR as soon as possible;（2） It is important to consider the geographical and disciplinary distribution of national key science and technology infrastructures when constructing NCSR;（3） As a public welfare platform, NCSR should be considered in national science and technology projects;（4） NCSR can also provide scientific and technological knowledge service for companies and public, reducing the threshold of scientific and technological innovation, and serving mass entrepreneurship and innovation strategy.