出口与企业生产率关系的新检验：中国经验

A Re-examination of the Relationship between Export and Productivity:New Micro Evidence from China

本文在着重考虑企业全要素生产率测算方法、进口、直接与间接出口以及出口贸易方式等因素的基础上,在统一的理论框架内,利用改进的倾向得分匹配方法,系统地检验了出口与生产率的关系。研究发现:首先,中国企业在出口活动中既不存在明显的"自我选择效应",也不存在显著的"出口学习效应"。其次,间接出口企业或从事加工贸易企业的出口活动不存在显著的"自我选择效应"与"出口学习效应";直接出口企业或从事混合贸易企业的出口活动存在显著的"自我选择效应",但这两种类型企业的出口活动只存在相对微弱的"出口学习效应";只有从事一般贸易的企业,其出口活动存在显著的"自我选择效应"和"出口学习效应"。

After reconsidering the TFP measuring methods, firms＇ imports status, firms＇ direct and in- direct export, and heterogeneous export patterns, which have been neglected by previous studies, this pa- per systematically reexamines the relation between export and productivity within a unified theoretical frame- work. We adopt the augmented Propensity Score Matching and Difference in Difference （PSM-DID） meth- od. Our empirical results show that, first, Chinese firms＇ exporting activities exhibit neither self-selection effect nor learning-by-doing effect. Second, firms in the indirect export industry or processing trade indus- tries do not display remarkable self-selection effect and learning-by-doing effect, while firms in direct trade industry or mixed trade industry display significantly self-selection effect and relatively weak learning-by-do- ing effect. Only firms in general trade industry show both self-selection effect and learning-by-doing effect significantly.