乡村公共规则的解体与重建

The Disorganization and Reconstruction of the Common Rules of Rural Society

当前乡村公共规则趋于解体:村庄内生的村规民约、家法族规在城镇化、市场化进程中逐渐式微,以村级组织为代表的准行政规则在农业税取消之后不再具有权威性,而代表国家权力的法律规则仅仅局限于重大纠纷调节,无法统摄到乡村社会的各个领域。与此同时,权利话语和民主话语在乡村社会市场化过程中发生变异,很多农民在追求利益最大化过程中缺乏基本的规则意识。二者共同作用之下的结果是乡村公共规则趋向混乱--个体开始根据自我需要对规则进行自我阐释,道德伦理、行为规范等是非标准愈来愈模糊,这对乡村治理与社会秩序产生很大负面影响。公共规则重建需要赋予村级组织相关资源的配置权力,确保其能够在引导公共规则建构方面发挥主导作用;需要以公共文化活动搭建公共交往平台,建构村民之间互动与沟通的公共空间;需要发展民间组织,营造熟人社会的氛围;需要重视村规民约的重要作用,将其作为公共规则重建的重要基础。

The common rules of rural society tend to disintegration: the village pacts and family laws which are endogenous in village gradually no longer to work, quasi-administrative regulations of village-level organizations no longer have authority after the abolition of agricultural tax, national laws are confined to major disputes mediation. At the same time, rights discourse and democratic discourse are of variation in the market process, many farmers are lack of awareness of the rules. Under the influence of the above-mentioned two, the common rules of rural society tend to disintegrating, ethics and code of conduct is increasingly blurred nonstandard, which has a significant impact on rural governance and rural order. To reconstruct the common rules of rural society, we should strengthen village-level organizations in order to make it play a leading role in the reconstruction of the common rules, we should build public cultural activities in order to increase interaction between the villagers, we should develop civil society organizations to create a social atmosphere of acquaintance, we should pay more attention to pacts, which are the basis of the reconstruction of the common rules.