邻避设施选址决策中的供需分析

The Analysis on the Site Selection Decision for NIMBY Facilities

公众在邻避设施选址中具有多种"需要",包括决策参与需要、公正补偿需要、生态环保需要,这是由邻避设施所固有的公共利益性、负外部性、潜在危害性等属性所决定的。然而,在我国现实中,政府的邻避设施选址决策所隐含的"供给"未能满足或充分满足公众的上述需要,产生"供需"失衡,这是导致邻避冲突的根本原因。依靠协商民主,有助于满足公众在邻避设施选址中的决策参与需要、公正补偿需要、生态环保需要,因而是实现"供需"均衡、治理邻避冲突的基本途径。

The site selection decision for NIMBY facilities is driven by public demands, including the demands to participate in decision making, to receive just compensation and to be eco-friendly. These demands are determined by the nature of NIMBY facilities, which is for public interest, yet with negative externalities and potential hazards. However in China, those needs outweigh the supplies, create imbalances and cause NIMBY conflicts. Therefore, the key to resolve this conflict is to acknowledge the nature of NIMBY facilities, to rely on consociational democracy and to balance the supply and demand of NIMBY facilities.