城市规划利益还原的理论研究

Research on the Theory of Value Capture in Urban Planning

城市规划对城市土地价值产生巨大影响,这部分利益的分配与社会公平和效率息息相关。城市规划利益还原是指正义地分配城市规划带来的土地利益改变。本文首先对城市规划利益还原的概念内涵进行界定,指出它与土地增值利益还原研究在范围与内涵上的重合和差异。接着,对功利主义、社会公平及平等主义视角下的分配正义原则在城市规划利益分配上的应用进行辨析,综合考虑不同原则的局限性与适用性,以平等主义的正义理论为主要依据,提出城市规划利益还原的公平原则和效率原则。公平原则指受益者负担,受损者得到补偿的原则,该原则下土地权利人应将其增值收益进行社会共享;效率原则指为了追求效率而忍受的不平等要以实现最不利者的最大利益为目标,即需要满足社会公众对土地增值利益的共享与土地改良间接收益之和的最大化。

Urban planning can greatly influence the value of urban land. The distribution of these interests is crucial for realizing social equality and economic efficiency. Theory of value capture in urban planning discussed the justice principle of distribution land value change resulting from urban planning. The paper firstly defines the concept of value capture in planning by pointing out its similarities and differences with value capture research in research scope and content. Then the paper applies the distribution justice principle in utilitarianism, social justice theory and egalitarianism to value capture in urban planning and compared their limitations and feasibility. Then, the paper proposes the principle of fairness and the principle of efficiency for value capture in urban planning, based mainly on the egalitarianism justice theory. The fairness principle requires the one who gains to pay and who loses to be compensated. Under this principle, the one who holds the land should share the increment land value with the society. Meanwhile, according to the efficiency principles, the bearing of inequalities for efficiency is only acceptable in case they can help to maximize the interests of the disadvantaged ones, which means maximize the sum of the amount of direct shared land value and indirect benefits resulting from improving the land use for the public.