20世纪50年代山西中部土盐户转业的历史考察

The Historic Exploration of the Soil Salt Producer's Career Change in the Center of Shanxi Province in the 1950s

发展农业生产是土地改革的直接目的。在山西中部地区,虽经土地改革,但对广布于该区的土盐户来说,分到土地并未使其停止土盐生产,投身农业耕种。为保证国家财政税收(盐业)和促进农业发展,国家采取促使土盐户转业的裁废策略。然而,受区域环境、历史传统、地方经济等多重影响的土盐生产对国家政策的施行造成了一定的影响,在不断调整中,国家政策实施策略经历了从经济手段到政治手段的转变。同时,在这一过程中,对传统农业具有决定意义的自然环境因素逐渐让位于国家意志,成为农户生计选择的次要因素。

Developing agricultural production was the direct purpose of land reform.In the center of Shanxi province,although experiencing land reform and getting the land,the soil salt producer did not stop soil salt production and change into farming.In order to ensure the country's fiscal taxation(salt industry) and promote agricultural development,the State adopted the strategy of letting the soil salt producer change its career.However,soil salt production caused some influence to the enforcement of national policy because of the influences of regional environment,historical tradition and local economy.During the constant adjustment,implementation strategies of national policy had changed from economic means to political means.At the same time,in this process the natural environment factors which had the decisive significance to traditional agriculture gradually gave way to the national will and become secondary factors of farmers' livelihood options.