植物纤维毯对道路边坡微生境的影响

Effect of Geotextile on Road Slope Microhabitat

为更好地了解植物纤维毯的生态防护功能,全面认识其护坡原理,深入分析植物纤维毯的生态护坡优势,依托石安(石家庄—安阳)高速公路展开实地边坡试验。以稻草毯、稻草椰丝混合毯和椰丝毯为试验对象,以无纺布为对照组展开试验,观测地表径流量、土壤流失量、表层土壤水分、土壤温度以及土壤有机质含量等指标,分析不同植物纤维毯对边坡微生境的影响。结果表明,3种植物纤维毯对边坡的微生境均有一定的改良作用,覆盖3种植物纤维毯均能有效减沙边坡产沙量,且稻草毯和稻草椰丝混合毯可有效减少地表径流量;3种植物纤维毯在高温季节可降低表层土壤温度,稻草毯的降温效果最好;从表层土壤水分来看,稻草椰丝混合毯在降雨时更有利于雨水入渗,土壤水分高,雨停后表层土壤水分损失慢,保水效果好,更有利于植物生长;同时3种植物纤维毯自身降解,可增加土壤有机质含量,增强土壤肥力,改良了土壤,其中稻草椰丝混合毯的改良效果最好;植物纤维毯对土壤微生境的影响是一种改良作用,可促进植物生长,尤其是促进植物根系的生长。

In order to better understand the ecological protection function of geotextiles,comprehensively understand the principle of slope protection, and analyze in-depth the advantages of ecological slope protection of geotextiles, the field experiment is carried out on the slope of Shijiazhuang—Anyang expressway. Taking straw mats,coconut mats and straw coconut mats as the experimental object and the nonwoven fabric as the control group,we observed the amount of surface runoff,soil erosion volume,surface soil moisture,soil temperature and soil organic matter content, etc. to analyse the influence of different geotextiles on slope microhabitat. The result shows that（ 1） 3 kinds of geotextile on the microhabitat of the slope have certain improvement,the soil loss from plots covered with the 3 kinds of geotextile decreased obviously,and the amount of surface runoff decreased in straw mats and straw coconut mats;（ 2） the 3 kinds of geotextile can reduce the surface soil temperature in the high temperature season,and the cooling effect of straw mats is the best;（ 3） from the view of the surface soil moisture content,the straw coconut mat is more advantageous to the rain water infiltration,resulting in high soil moisture,and the surface soil moisture loss is slow after rain stopped,so that it is more advantageous to the plant growth;（ 4） the degradation of 3 kinds of geotextile can increase the soil organic matter content,enhance soil fertility,and improve the soil,the effect of the straw mats is the best;（ 5） the influence of geotextiles on the soil microhabitat is an improvement,itcan promote plant growth,especially it can promote the growth of the roots of the plants.