杜仲雄花氨基酸多样性及营养价值评价

Diversity and Nutritional Value of Amino Acids in Eucommia ulmoides Male Flowers

为深入探究杜仲雄花氨基酸多样性与营养价值,对193份不同种质雄花的氨基酸含量与组成进行了测定。结果表明:杜仲雄花含有17种氨基酸,总氨基酸平均含量为20.62 g/100 g,天冬氨酸和谷氨酸是主要的2种氨基酸。不同种质杜仲雄花氨基酸含量以蛋氨酸变异系数最大(43.13%),总氨基酸变异系数最小(12.56%)。杜仲雄花蛋白贴近度为0.887。杜仲雄花人体必需氨基酸中仅(Met+Cys)低于FAO/WHO推荐模式的比例,RAA和RC值大都接近于1,SRC值为81.42。杜仲雄花中儿童必需氨基酸含量、味觉氨基酸含量与药用氨基酸含量丰富。不同来源杜仲雄花氨基酸含量差异显著,贵州种质总氨基酸含量(21.32 g/100 g)和必需氨基酸含量(7.50 g/100 g)最高,而不同来源杜仲雄花氨基酸的营养价值差异不显著。聚类分析将193份种质材料分为4个类群,第Ⅱ类群总氨基酸、必需氨基酸、甜味氨基酸和芳香族氨基酸平均含量最高,分别达22.46、7.92、4.10 g/100 g和1.64 g/100 g。杜仲雄花氨基酸具有重要的营养价值,不同种质杜仲雄花氨基酸表现较高的遗传多样性,可为雄花用杜仲良种选育和开发利用提供基础材料。

To comprehensively give insight on the diversity and nutritional level of amino acids in Eucommia ulmoides male flowers ,the content and composition of amino acids were determined in male flowers of 193 germplasm materials. 17 amino acids were examined in E. ulmoides male flowers, in which the average content of total amino acids was 20.62 g/ 100 g and aspartic acid and glutamic acid were the 2 primary amino acids. In different E. ulmoides germplasms,the vari- ation coefficient value of methionine amino acid content was the highest （43.13%） and the total amino acids the lowest （ 12.56% ）. The protein closeness degree of E. u/too/des male flower was 0. 887. Among all the essential amino acids of E. ulmoides male flower, the ratio of （Met ＋ Cys） was lower than ratio the FAO/WHO recommended, the RAA and RC value were numerically close to 1 and the average value of SRC was 81.42. The contents of children essential amino acids, taste-active and therapeutic amino arids were evidently higher than the other 6 plant pollens including G. biloba. Significant difference of E. ulmoides amino acids content was found in different origins, the content of total amino acids and essential amino acids of the Guizhou germplasm were 21.32 g/100 g and 7.50 g/100 g,respectively and were found to be the highest. However, non-significant difference of amino acids nutritional value was found. Cluster analysis results indicated that 193 E. ulmoides germplasms were divided into 4 groups,the average contents of the total amino acids,the essential amino acids ,the sweet amino acid and aromatic amino acids in the second group were higher than the other 3 groups, and respectively reached to 22.46,7.92,4.10 g/100 g and 1.64 g/100 g. The amino acids in E. ulmoides male flowers were considered to be of important nutritional value, and high genetic diversity was found in different germ- plasms. The results of this study provided basic waterials for the further research and development of E. ulmoides male flowers.