论语气助词是否话题标记——兼谈“的话”的功能

Are Tone-particles Topic Markers from the Perspective of＂Dehua＂（ 的话 ）

本文基于北京话口语语料库BJKY对助词“的话”的分布进行了细致描写,认为作为话题标记,“的话”具备日语、韩国语等语言中典型话题标记的特点;而句中语气助词仍属于情态表达系统,起提顿作用,并非话题标记,故二者可以叠用。它们在句中分布上的不同正是它们属性不同的句法表现。用语气助词来说明主语与谓语间或话题与述题间的松散关系并无不可,如果基于“语气助词是话题标记”这一假设而进行有关汉语话题标记特点的理论探讨,需要慎重。

Based on the Beijing Oral corpus BJKY, this paper claims that the topic marker（TM） ＂Dehua＂（ 的话 ） has the features of standard TMs of Japanese and Korean languages, while the tone-particle-in-sentences（TPIS） still belong to modality system and function just as pause-markers. So ＂Dehua＂（ 的话 ） can be used together with TPIS in the positions of topic. The distribution differences of＂Dehua＂（ 的话 ） and TPIS reflect their difference on pragmatic flmctions. It is OK to use TPIS to prove the loose association between subject and predicate or topic and comment in Chinese, but more careful consideration is needed when trying to explore the features of TMs in Chinese under the assumption of＂TPIS as TM＂.