孟子的话语理解观——“以意逆志”新解

Mencius View of Discourse Understanding New Interpretation of＂Yi Yi Ni Zhi＂（ 以意逆志）

本文认为,《孟子》“不以文害辞,不以辞害志”反映了孟子的话语理解观。其中“文”指文字,“辞”是话语,“志”是符合道德的思想意图。整句话的意思是不能因为文字的局限而妨碍对话语的理解,也不能因为话语的局限而妨碍对君子意志的理解。“以意逆志”中,“意”和“志”都具有道德含义,“以意逆志”作为一种话语理解方法,要求听话人以符合良心义理的思想认识去理解、揣度他人的语用行为,这是孟子的性善论和伦理学意义上的类推法则在话语理解方法上运用的必然结果。

＂Bu YI Wen Hai Ci, Bu Yi Ci HaiZhi＂（ 不以文害辞,不以辞害志 ） reflects the view of discourse understanding of Mencius. ＂Wen＂（ 文 ） is for character, ＂Ci＂（ 辞 ） is the text,＂zhi＂（ 志 ） is ethical intention. It means we can＇t because of the limitation of character impede understanding of discourse, also can＇t because of the limitation of discourse hinder understanding of others will. In ＂Yi Yi Ni Zhi＂（ 以意逆志）, ＂Yi＂（ 意 ） and ＂Zhi＂（ 志 ） both have moral implications. As a method of discourse understanding, it requires the hearer to understand, predict the pragmatic behavior of others by his own conscience; this is the natural result of Mencius＇s theory of virtue and analogy method in the sense of ethics in use of discourse understanding.