安康市城区主要病媒生物监测及防制对策

Main vector monitoring and control strategies in Ankang City

目的通过开展病媒生物监测,掌握安康市中心城区主要病媒生物的种群、密度、分布及其消长规律,为科学防制提供依据。方法依据全国病媒生物监测方案和病媒生物密度监测方法,成蚊密度调查采用灯诱法,蝇类密度调查采用笼诱法,鼠类密度调查采用夹夜法,蟑螂密度调查采用粘捕法。结果蚊类有4属5种,总密度0.842只/（灯·h）,淡色库蚊为优势蚊种,占捕获总数的62.56%,以牲畜棚圈蚊密度最高,7~9月为密度高峰期;蝇类有3科4属5种,总密度1.09只/笼,棕尾别麻蝇为优势蝇种,占捕获总数的41.39%,以绿化带苍蝇密度最高,9月为密度高峰期;鼠类有1科2属3种,平均密度0.14%,黄胸鼠为优势种,占捕获总数的60.00%,以城镇居民区鼠密度较高;蟑螂有2科2属2种,密度0.345只/张,德国小蠊为优势种群,占捕获总数的99.19%,以农贸市场密度最高,9月为密度高峰期。结论安康市城区病媒生物密度较往年明显下降,蚊、蝇密度仍然较高,蟑螂侵害范围逐步扩大,密度有增高趋势。防制工作仍需以环境治理为主,需采取综合防制措施,从源头上抑制孳生,并附以化学药物的杀灭,依法、科学、规范保障病媒生物可持续性控制。

Objective The aim of this study was mastered biological species,density,distribution and change rules of main vector in central city of Ankang by carrying out vector biological monitoring,providing the basis for scientific prevention.Methods According to national vector biological monitoring programof vector density monitoring methods,the light trapping and cage trapping were conducted to monintor the density of mosquitoes and fillies respectively,The night trapping and cockroach paste were conducted to monitor the density of rats and cockroaches.Results Mosquitoes have 4 genera and 5 species,the total density was0.842/（lamp.hour）.Culex pipiens mosquito was the preponderance specie,accounted for 62.56% of the total,with the highest density of livestock stalls and July-September were the peak of density.Flies had 3 families,4 genera and 5 species.the total density was 1.09/cage.Boettcherisca fly was the preponderance specie,accounted for 41.39% of the total,with the highest density of green belt,and September was the peak of density.Rodents have 1 family,2 genera and 3species,the average density was 0.14%,and flavipectus was the preponderance specie,accounted for 60.00% of the total,with the highest density of urban neighborhoods.Cockroaches had 2 families,2 genera and 2 species,the total density was 0.345/piece.German cockroach was the preponderance specie accounted for 99.19% of the total,with the highest density of famers＇ markets.September was also the peak of density.Conclusion The density of the disease was significantly decreased than in previous years in Ankang city.But the density of mosquitoes and flies was still relatively high.The cockroach paste were gradually expanded and the density increased trend.The strategy of comprehensive revention including environmental management accompanied by physical means and chemical control when necessary should be conducted to reduce their density.The vector biological control work would be to apply for law,science and standards to be continued.