医患礼貌认知语用新解:关联期待信息量原则

New Cognitive-pragmatic Interpretation of Doctor-patient Politeness:Principle of Relevant and Expected amount of Information

回顾了国内外医患会话的礼貌研究,针对医患礼貌语言研究方面的不足,循着礼貌的认知语用研究进路,提出"关联期待信息量"原则。指出礼貌不仅事关医患双方"说了什么",还与双方"说了多少"有关。基于真实的门诊会话语料,对医患话语的礼貌性进行详细分析后发现,医患双方对信息量具有不同的关联期待:医生期待获取必要的病情信息,而患者期待获取充分的医学信息。双方不顾对方关联期待所致的话语欠关联或不关联,引起无意或有意不礼貌。因此,医患话语礼貌与否很大程度上取决于双方话语能否满足对方关联期待的信息量。

This paper provided a review of research on doctor-patient （D-P） conversational politeness. Considering the scant linguistic study of D-P politeness, it brought forward the ＂principle of relevant and expected amount of information＂ along the line of cognitive-pragmatic approach to politeness issues, pointing out that politeness was not only concerned with ＂what is said＂, but with ＂how much is said＂. Through a detailed analysis of the l^P discourse in one piece of authentic D-P clinic conversation, it found that doctors and patients had different relevance expectation of the amount of information to be offered-doctors only expected necessary disease-related information, while patients expected sufficient medical information. Both parties jointly rendered each other＇s discourse under-relevant or irrelevant due to their ignorance of the other side＇s expectation, resulting in unintended or intended impoliteness. Thus, D-P verbal politeness depended largely on whether their words meet each other＇s relevant and expected amount of information.