日本骨性Ⅰ类错畸形儿童颜面生长发育的纵向分析

Longitudinal photometric analysis of facial profiles of Japanese children with skeletal class Ⅰmalocclusion

目的：分析骨性Ⅰ类错畸形日本儿童颜面侧貌的生长发育特征。方法 ：选择57例骨性Ⅰ类错畸形日本儿童（男25例,女32例）7~18岁的525张侧面照片。通过软组织外耳道的最上缘点（er点）和眼裂外眦点（ex点）的连线er-ex平面作为评价生长变化的基准平面。测量软组织侧貌的距离比,角度及上、下唇到E-line的距离。对侧貌软组织的生长变化进行纵向分析。采用SPSS 12.0软件包对数据进行统计学分析。结果：8~13岁颏部的水平比男女间有显著差异。7~18岁男女的水平比变量显示明显改变,垂直比无明显改变。上、中面高与全面高比稍有增加。结论：7~18岁儿童鼻部与颏部表现出明显的生长变化;鼻尖向前向下生长,颏部逐渐向前突出;女性上唇稍后缩,男性上唇有直立倾向;下唇轻微向前生长。上面高与总面高比率增加,中面高与总面高的比率减少,而下面高与总面高的比率几乎无改变。

PURPOSE： To analyze the longitudinal growth changes in facial profiles of Japanese children with skeletal Class Ⅰ malocclusion. METHODS： The subjects consisted of 525 longitudinally taken lateral facial photographs from 57 Japanese children（25 males and 32 females） aging from 7 to 18 years. The reference line to standardize and evaluate serial growth changes was the er-ex line passing through point er,the upper edge of the ear rod in a Photostat,and point ex,ektokanthion. The profile ratios,angles,and distances from the upper/lower lips to the E-line were measured.Longitudinal growth changes in the facial profiles were analyzed using SPSS 12.0 software package. RESULTS： The horizontal profile ratios of the chin showed significant differences between the sexes aging from 8 to 13 years. The horizontal profile ratios showed characteristic changes in both males and females from 7 to 18 years. The vertical profile ratios did not show such remarkable changes. CONCLUSIONS： The nose and chin showed characteristic facial growth;the nasal tip showed forward and downward growth and the chin showed gradual protrusion. The upper lip showed slight retraction in females but an upright tendency in males. The lower lip showed slight forward growth. The ratios of upper to total facial height and middle to total facial height increased and decreased,respectively. The ratio of lower to total facial height showed few changes.