香菇工厂化栽培中常见霉菌的分离鉴定及抑菌剂筛选

Identification of common molds in factory cultivation of Lentinula edodes and screening of fungistats

为了明确香菇工厂化栽培中污染霉菌的优势种,对分离的49株常见霉菌进行鉴定,并针对优势种进行抑菌剂试验,筛选出绿色高效的抑菌剂。显微形态鉴定和ITS序列分析的鉴定结果表明:香菇工厂化栽培培养料中的霉菌优势种有:哈茨木霉、侧耳木霉、深绿木霉、短密青霉和总状毛霉,其分离频率分别为57%、25%、4%、6%和8%。H_2O_2、中生菌素和克霉灵对除短密青霉外的4种霉菌的菌丝抑制效果由强到弱依次为:H_2O_2、中生菌素和克霉灵,对5种霉菌的孢子萌发抑制作用由强到弱依次为:H_2O_2、中生菌素和克霉灵;这些抑菌剂中,H_2O_2的安全性最高,中生菌素次之。为制定香菇工厂化污染霉菌优势种的控制方案提供参考。

In order to clarify dominant mold species in factory cultivation of Lentinus edodes,49 common molds were isolated and identified,and green and efficient fungistats were selected.Both morphological identification and ITS sequence analysis showed that the dominant mold species in the compost used for factory cultivation of L.edodes were Trichoderma harzinum,T.pleuroticola,T.atroviride,Penicillium brevicompactum and Mucor racemosus,and their isolation frequencies were 57%,25%,4%,6%and 8%respectively.The tests for 3 fungistats indicated that the descending order of inhibiting effects of fungistats on the hypha of the 4 mold species except P.brevicompactum was H_2O_2,Zhongshengmycin and Mepartricin,and that on the spore germination of all the 5 mold species was the same.H_2O_2had the highest safety in use and Zhongshengmycin took the second place.The above results could provide a scientific reference for mold pollution control in factory cultivation of L.edodes.