梨炭疽病菌生物学特性及防治药剂的室内筛选

Biological characteristics of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz.and indoor screening of fungicides

研究了梨炭疽病菌的生物学特性,并对防治药剂进行了室内初步筛选。结果表明:植物煎汁培养基中以梨果和梨枝培养基较有利于菌丝生长,梨果培养基有利于产孢;PDA培养基最适宜菌落生长,葡萄糖蛋白胨琼脂培养基产孢量最多。菌丝生长的适宜温度为5—30℃,最适温度25℃;菌落产孢能适应较广的pH范围,以pH=3产孢量最多;菌丝的致死温度为56℃,黑暗条件下产孢量最大。在测试的碳源中,麦芽糖、乳糖和葡萄糖最适宜菌丝生长,蔗糖最适宜产孢;氮源中以酵母膏、蛋白胨和牛肉膏最适宜菌丝生长,蛋白胨和牛肉膏最适宜产孢。采用生长速率法测定了14种杀菌剂对病菌的抑制作用,其中多菌灵、咪鲜胺锰盐、氟啶胺、苯醚甲环唑和吡唑醚菌酯的毒力较高。

The biological characteristics of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz.were studied and the fungicides of controlling pear anthracnose were preliminarily selected in a laboratory.The results showed that pear fruit medium and pear branch medium were both plant juice media suitable for the mycelial growth,and pear fruit medium was also suitable for the spore production;Potato dextrose agar（PDA） medium and dextrose peptone agar medium were the most suitable for the colony growth and spore production respectively.The temperature suitable for the mycelial growth was 5-30 ℃ and the best was 25℃;The pH limits suitable for the colony to produce spores was quite wide and at pH 3 the spore production was the greatest;The thermal death point of the mycelia was 56 ℃;The spore production was the greatest in darkness.Among the tested carbon sources,maltose,lactose and dextrose were favorable for the mycelial growth,and sucrose was the most favorable for the spore production;Among the tested nitrogen sources,yeast extract,peptone and beef extract were favorable for the mycelial growth,and peptone and beef extract were favorable for the spore production.Testing the inhibiting effects of 14 fungicides on C.gloeosporioides by growth rate method indicated that carbendazim,prochloraz-manganese chloride complex,fluazinam,difenoconazole and pyraclostrobin had high toxicity.