社会资本、运动参与对青少年幸福感的影响研究

On Effects of Social Capital and Sports Participation on Happiness of Adolescent

目的:对中学生的社会资本、运动参与及幸福感现状展开调查,并揭示其关联关系.方法:以四川成都市中学生为研究对象,采用随机抽样方式,利用结构式问卷进行资料收集,并运用相关系数及多元分层复回归方法对数据进行处理.结果显示:1女生在同伴关系资本上得分优于男生,而在运动参与上的表现则相反;2初中生在家庭气氛、亲子关系、亲友互动、亲师关系、运动参与、代间隔阂及社团参与等变项上的得分优于高中生;3双亲家庭中的青少年在家庭气氛、手足互动、亲友互动、运动参与、同伴关系及师生关系变项的表现优于单亲及隔代教养家庭,而家庭社会经济地位与青少年的社会资本及运动参与无关;4年级、家庭结构、家庭内社会资本、家庭外社会资本、学校社会资本及运动参与对中学生幸福感有显著预测力,表现为初中生的幸福感高于高中生,双亲家庭中孩子幸福感高于非双亲家庭,家庭气氛越好、亲子关系越好、亲友互动越多、运动参与越多、同伴关系越好、师生关系越好、社团参与越多者,其幸福感越高.结论:性别及家庭结构对青少年幸福感有一定影响,但其社会资本对幸福感的影响起着决定性作用.

The study has been done to investigate the current situation of social capital,sports participation,and happiness of secondary students and to reveal their association relationship.Secondary school students in Chengdu have participated in this study and random sampling and structural questionnaire have been used to collect the necessary data;the relationship coefficient and multi-dimension hierarchical regression has also been used to process the collected data.Results show that 1）Fellowship capital scores of female students were better than that of male students,and the sports participation scores of female were reverse;2）the family environment,parent-child relationship,relatives and friends interaction,teacherstudent relationship,sports participation,inter-generational barriers and community involvement in junior secondary school students were better than that in senior secondary school students;3）the capital of family environment,brothers or sisters interaction,relatives and friends interaction,sports participation,fellowship,and teacher-student relationship in parents-family was better than that in parent-or inter-generation family,there were no relationship between social capital and sports participation in adolescent;and 4）the grade,family structure,social capital within the family and outside the family,and sports participation had a significant predication on happiness of secondary school students,and it also showed that happiness of parents-family was better than that of non-parents-family,the better the family environment,the parent-child relation,the fellowship,and the teacher-student,the more the relatives and friends interaction,the sports participation,and the association participation,the higher the happiness.The gender and family had some influence on happiness of adolescent;however,the social capital had the decisive role on happiness of adolescent.