困厄与挑战:当下辽史研究的方法论刍议

Distress and Challenge: Discussion on Methodology of Studying Liao History

契丹辽朝在中国古代历史进程,尤其是在古代北方区域社会演进过程中有着重要的地位。但是对于辽史的研究,迄今却一直处于落后状态,究其原因,除受正统观念的桎梏外,主要还是史料的匮乏。这种情况下,当下研究辽史的学者应遵循穷尽史料、精耕细作的方式,这也是目前史学研究的基本动力与价值取向。另外,慎辨边疆理论与研究范式,慎视辽史的视阈定位。具体研究中,既重视其趋同性研究,又关注其趋异性研究,达成趋同性与趋异性的辩证统一,即关注契丹辽朝与中原王朝间的互动性,既要考察以契丹族为代表的北方游牧民族的"儒化"、"华夷同风"观的形成过程,也要考察以汉族为代表的中原农耕民族的"胡化","以夷变华"现象的出现。将辽史研究引入正确的学术研究路径,推动辽史研究不断取得新进展。

The Khitan in Liao Dynasty has the important position in the process of Chinese ancient history, especially in the process of social evolution in the northern region of ancient China. However, the study on Liao history has remained backward so far, which mainly caused by a lack of historical data besides shackles of orthodoxy. In such a situation, researchers should study all the historical data with intensive cultivation, which is also the basic power and value orientation of historical studies. In addition,researchers should distinguish borderland theory and research paradigm and review the perspective of studying Liao history. In the specific research, researchers should not only pay attention to the convergence, but also chemotaxis of Liao history aiming at reaching the dialectical unity of convergence and chemotaxis, which requires researchers to focus on the interactivity between the Khitan in Liao dynasty and the central plains dynasty to investigate the formation of confucianization of northern nomad nationalities, which is the representative of the Khitan tribe. Researchers should also investigate the situation of ＂non-Han＂ tendency to bring a correct academic research methodology to the study of Liao history to promote the constant new development of the study of Liao history.