崇拜、幻觉、猜想——论神话的产生

Worship, Hallucination, Guess——Formation of Myths

马克思认为,神话是人们幻想出来的,并认为生产力是神话产生的条件,希腊神话是希腊社会生产力低下时代产生的。希腊社会是人类的"童年",早期人类富于幻想,希腊神话反映了希腊时期的社会面貌。神话应是人们崇拜、幻觉和猜想思维产生的,生产力低下不是神话产生的原因,而是产生不同特点神话的条件。人类古代有四类神话:自然神话、英雄神话、创世神话、先祖神话。四类神话的产生都是与人们崇拜、幻觉、猜想等综合思维相关的,而现代将会有更多更美丽的神话产生。

Marx believed that myths were fantasized and productivity was the condition of myths.Greek myths were created under low productivity in the era of Greek society. Greek society was in human childhood, which was full of fantasy. The Greek myths reflected the social visage in that period. Myths were worshiped, fantasized and guessed by man. Low productivity is not the cause of myths but the condition for myths with different characteristics. Four types of myths existed in the ancient times： natural myths, heroic myths, creation myths and ancestral myths. The generation of these four types of myths was related to people’s warship, hallucination and guess while in the modern society there will be more beautiful myths.