基于文本与空间的贵州雷公山地区苗族山地聚落营建研究

Research on the Miao's Mountainous Settlement Construction in Leigong-Mountain Area Guizhou Province: Based on Text and Space Material

苗族主要居住于我国西南山区,形成了独具特色的山地聚居文化。因为缺乏民族文字记载与图纸记录,因此其聚落营建的历史过程一直是研究的难点。采取建筑学与人类学结合的方法,借助于苗族古歌等民族志文本与聚落空间所揭示的信息,并与地方志等官方零星文献记载相比对,研究雷公山地区苗族聚落的营建与演变的历史过程。认为在适应当地地形与自然条件的基础上,形成了"山-水-林-田-村"的聚落基本空间格局。并且在进一步的迁徙与定居过程中,针对坝子、深谷以及高山溪谷地区的不同情况,将聚落空间适当调整,适应了当地苗族的"山地稻耕农业"的生计模式,为苗族在山地严苛的条件下生存提供了空间保障。

Minority ethnics in Guizh ou developed various characteristic traditional mountainous settlements in history,Miao（Hmong） is one of the typical ethnical groups who live in the mountain. For the lack of written and drawn history by themselves, it＇ s always difficult to rebuild the construction history of their settlements. This paper tried to explore the process of the Miao people＇s migration and settlement, based on the information provided both from the ＂Old Song＂（epic） of Miao and spatial morphology of their settlements. This paper thought that they gradually form the structure of＂mountain- river-paddy field- woods- village＂, and made it used in varies topography, such as valley, slope and basin. It is a precious achievement reflects the coexistent wisdom between human and nature.