恩施水稻抗稻瘟病恢复系的选育与利用

Breeding and Utilization of Blast-resistant Rice Restorer Lines Developed in Enshi

选育抗稻瘟病恢复系是选育抗稻瘟病三系杂交水稻的主要途径之一。恩施州农科院利用自然生态优势建立稳定高效的稻瘟病自然诱发鉴定圃,在病圃中鉴定筛选稳定抗源,创造抗病中间材料,通过杂交、回交以及表型选择,改良优良恢复系的抗瘟性,育成了"恩恢"系列抗稻瘟病恢复系,进而育成了一批抗病杂交稻新组合通过各级农作物品种审定并在稻瘟病区大面积推广。介绍了恩施州农科院的主要抗稻瘟病恢复系及其所配抗病杂交稻组合,分析了抗稻瘟病恢复系选育中存在的主要问题,提出了相应对策。

Breeding of blast-resistant restorer lines is one of main approaches to developing three-line hybrid rice with blast resistance. Taking advantage of the favorable natural ecological conditions,the Agricultural Research Institute of Enshi Prefecture established a stable and high-efficient naturally-induced identification nursery for rice blast,by which the resistant genetic resources were screened and some breeding materials with good blast resistance were created. A series of ″Enhui″ restorer lines with blast resistance were successfully developed through hybridization,backcrossing and phenotypic selection to improve the blast resistance of existing elite restorer lines. Making use of these blast-resistant restorer lines,a number of blast-resistant hybrid rice combinations had been developed and passed the approvement by various crop variety appraisal committees for commercialization in heavy blast disease regions. In this paper,the major blast-resistant restorer lines and their hybrid rice combinations developed by the Agricultural Research Institute of Enshi Prefecture were introduced. The main problems were analyzed in breeding of blast-resistant restorer lines,and corresponding countermeasures were put forward.