北京地区油松潜在重要害虫松阴吉丁的形态和生物学特性观察

Morphological and biological observations of the black pine borer Phaenops yin(Coleoptera: Buprestidae),a potential severe pest of Pinus tabuliformis in Beijing

【目的】调查松阴吉丁Phaenops yin Kubáň&Bíly(鞘翅目:几丁甲科)对北京地区油松Pinus tabuliformis Carrière的危害情况,了解该害虫的生物学特性;分析其偶然性暴发成灾的原因及规律,探讨该害虫的综合治理措施。【方法】本研究通过林间采集、解剖受害木段以及实验室罩笼饲养等方法,调查了松阴吉丁的发生现状,包括油松的受害情况和受害症状、天敌生物等,并结合历史文献和北京地区近20年的气象资料分析了该虫偶然暴发的原因。【结果】松树死亡率约为30%,受害株率约为60%,发现两种主要寄生性天敌始刻柄茧蜂Atanycolus initiator(Fabricius)和赤腹深沟茧蜂Iphiaulax impostor(Scopoli)。【结论】该虫在我国北方地区偶然性暴发的主要原因可能与持续高温干旱和降雨量减少导致的油松长势衰弱有关。建议结合气象变化及时预测预报松阴吉丁的发生,通过补水降温、清理枯枝、保护天敌、合理用药等综合治理措施调控该害虫的种群动态。

【Aim】To investigate the status of Pinus tabuliformis infested by a buprestid beetle,Phaenops yin Kubáň Bíly（ Coleoptera： Buprestidae）,and to understand the biology of this pest. The causes and dynamics of the accidental outbreak of this pest would be analyzed to explore its integrated management measures. 【Methods】The occurrence of P. yin was investigated,including infestation of pines,damage symptom,and natural enemies. The main causes inducing the outbreaks of the buprestid beetle were analyzed based on literatures and the meteorological data of Beijing City in recent 20 years. 【Results】The mortality of pine trees was about 30%,and their infestation rate by P. yin was about 60%. Two parasitic natural enemies,Atanycolus initiator（ Fabricius） and Iphiaulax impostor（ Scopoli）,were discovered in the larval galleries of P. yin. 【Conclusion】The outbreaks of this pest might be related with the persistent drought and decrease of rainfall,which causes pine trees under stress. These findings suggest that a timely forecast on the outbreaks of this pest based on the climate change would be practicable,and the population dynamics of this pest can be regulated by using integrated management measures such as watering for cooling,cleaning infested branches,protecting natural enemies,as well as rational application of selective pesticides.