云南独有少数民族高血压患病及控制现状

Prevalence and control of hypertension among unique ethnic minorities in Yunnan province: a comparative study

目的了解云南省4个独有少数民族高血压患病、知晓、治疗及控制现状。方法采用多阶段分层抽样方法,对云南省5 532名≥35周岁纳西族、傈僳族、傣族和景颇族4个独有少数民族常住居民进行问卷调查和体格检查。结果云南省4个独有少数民族高血压总体患病率为33.95%,男性为33.25%,女性为34.61%;纳西族、傈僳族、傣族和景颇族高血压标化患病率分别为25.43%、18.23%、52.63%和37.95%,知晓率分别为42.56%、50.18%、35.60%和27.99%,治疗率分别为28.15%、28.17%、28.27%和12.82%,控制率分别为8.55%、7.99%、8.09%和4.37%;高血压患病率以傈僳族最低,傣族最高(P<0.01),知晓率以傈僳族最高,景颇族最低(P<0.01),景颇族的治疗率明显低于其他3个民族(P<0.01);4个民族的女性高血压知晓率高于男性(P<0.05)。结论云南省4个独有少数民族高血压患病、知晓及治疗率存在明显差异,应根据不同民族情况采取相应的高血压预防和控制措施。

Objective To examine prevalence rate, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension among four unique ethnic minorities in Yunnan province. Methods With stratified multi-stage sampling, a representative sample of 5 532 permanent ethnic minority （ Naxi, Lisu, Dai, and Jingpo ethnic） residents aged 35 years and over in Ynnnan prov- ince were selected and investigated with a face-to-face questionnaire survey and physical examination. Results The overall prevalence rate of hypertension among the four unique ethnic minorities was 33.95% （ 33.25% for males and 34.61% for females）. For the Naxi,Lisu,Dai,and Jingpo ethnic minority residents,the standardized prevalence of hyper- tension was 25.43%, 18. 23%, 52. 63%, and 37. 95% ; the awareness rate of hypertension was 42. 56%, 50. 18%, 35.60% ,and 27. 99% ; the treatment rate was 28. 15%, 28. 17%, 28. 27%, and 12. 82%, and the control rate was 8.55 % ,7.99% ,8.09%, and 4. 37 %, respectively. Among the four ethnic groups, the Lisu ethnic residents had the lowest prevalence rate of hypertension, whereas the Dai ethnic had the highest（ P 〈 0. 01 ） ;the Lisu ethnic residents also had the highest awareness rate of hypertension,whereas the Jingpo ethnic had the lowest（ P 〈 0. 01 ）. Jingpo ethnic residents had an obviously lower hypertension treatment rate compared with other three ethnic minorities （P 〈 0. 01 ）. The women had higher awareness rate of hypertension than men among the four ethnic minorities （P 〈 0. 05 ）. Conclusion There were significant differences in prevalence, awareness, and treatment rate of hypertension among four unique ethnic minorities in Yunnan province. Future strategies for prevention and control of hypertension should take into account of different ethnic characteristics.