固体高氧化还原电位消毒剂空气消毒效果评价

Development of a solid oxidizing reduction potential disinfectant and its efficiency as an air disinfectant

目的研制固体高氧化还原电位消毒剂(SORPD),评价其对医院空气消毒效果。方法采用正交设计L9(34)对多种化学成分进行配比分析,确定SORPD配制方案;参照中华人民共和国卫生部《消毒技术规范》(2002年版)测定SORPD的氧化还原电位(ORP)、有效氯含量、腐蚀性与稳定性;使用超低容量喷雾器将浓度为30 mg/L的SORPD,按照10 m L/m3剂量对医院空气进行喷雾消毒,采用琼脂平皿自然沉降法采集空气细菌样本,计数细菌数,以消毒前及消毒后不同时间段菌落数变化和细菌杀灭率评价消毒效果。结果次氯酸钙作为A剂主料,苹果酸作为B剂主料,硅酸钠,溴化钠和三聚磷酸钠作为辅料所组成的配方为SORPD最佳组合;SORPD的稳定性检测结果显示,在54℃储存14 d ORP值下降率为1.4%,25℃存放6个月时有效氯含量下降5.4%,ORP值随着稀释倍数增加缓慢下降,稀释128倍时,ORP值>800 m V;SORPD对不锈钢无腐蚀性;采用SORPD空气消毒后30 min时,门诊大厅及理疗室菌落数降到最低点[分别为(3.2±0.92)、(2.3±0.67)cfu/皿],细菌杀灭率分别为90.7%、93.5%;SORPD空气消毒后60 min时,候诊室菌落数达到最低点[(3.7±1.03)cfu/皿],细菌杀灭率为87.9%;在消毒后3 h内SORPD对室内空气细菌杀灭率均保持在较高水平(>75%)。结论固体高氧化还原电位消毒剂具有氧化还原电位高、稳定性好、腐蚀性低、空气消毒效果好等特点,便于运输与保存。

Objective To prepare a high solid oxidation potential disinfectant（SORPD） and to evaluate the effec- tiveness of the SORPD when used for air disinfection in a hospital. Methods The component formula for the SORPD to be prepared were tested with a t9 （ 34 ） orthogonal design. Oxidation-reduction potential （ ORP）, effective chlorine, corros- iveness, and stability of the prepared SORPD were determined according to the requirements in ＂Disinfection Technology Standards＂ issued by Ministry of Health of China in 2002. The concentration of the SORPD solution used for the disin- fection of air in a hospital was 30 mg/L and the solution was administered using a ultralow volume sprayer at the dose of 10 ml/m3. The bacteria in the air were sampled using agar plate natural sedimentation method and the changes in bacteria count of the air samples before and after the disinfection with SORPD were analyzed for the evaluation of SORPD disin- fection. Results The prepared SORPD is consisted of calcium hypochlorite （ main ingredient A）, malic acid （ main ingredient B ） and three minor ingredients （ sodium silicate, sodium bromide, and sodium triphosphate）. The results of stability test showed 1.4% and 5.4% decrease in ORP for the prepared SORPD after storage for 14 days under the ambi- ent temperature of 54℃ and for 6 months under the ambient temperature of 25℃, respectively. The ORP value of the prepared SORPD decreased slowly with the increase of dilution ratio and the value was greater than 800 mV at a dilution ratio of 128 ;the concentration of effective chlorine for the prepared SORPD also declined with the increase of dilution ratio. The prepared SORPD was not corrosive to stainless steel. Thirty minutes after the disinfection with prepared SORPD, the bacteria count in the air samples from outpatient hall and physiotherapy room reached to the lowest number （3.2 ±0. 92 and 2. 3±0. 67 colony form unit [ cfu]/per plate） ,with the corresponding bactericide rate of 90. 7% and 93.5% ;the bacteria count for the air samples from waiting room reached to the lowest number of 3.7 ± 1.03 cfu/plate one hour after the disinfection with the prepared SORPD, with a bactericide rate of 87.9%. The bactericide rate maintained at a relatively high level （ 〉 75% ） within 3 hours after the air disinfection using the prepared SORPD. Conclusion The prepared SORPD is an effective air disinfectant with a high ORP value, good stability, and low corrosiveness.