欧盟气候援助政策:演进、构建及趋势

EU's Climate Assistance Policy: Evolution,Mechanisms and Tendency

气候援助是国际气候谈判体系的重要组成部分。基于"共同但有区别的责任"原则,发达国家应通过提供资金及技术以支持发展中国家应对和适应气候变化已经成为国际共识。欧盟作为气候谈判的积极参与者之一,是当今世界最大的气候融资来源方,对国际气候援助具有关键性的影响。外交战略层面的欧盟气候援助以推动可持续发展及能力建设为目标,在政策构建中重视发展联盟关系、多元化途径设计并强调向技术倾斜。当前欧盟气候援助尚存在诸多桎梏,未来的气候援助将出现向主要缔约方施压以求责任分担、进一步减少公共财政比例、注重项目评估与监督等趋势。

Climate assistance is a crucial part of the international climate negotiations system.The international society has already reached a consensus that the developed countries should offer financial and technological assistance to the developing countries for better mitigation and adaption actions according to the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities under the UNFCCC.As the biggest provider of climate finance,the EU plays a critical role in international climate assistance with a focus on sustainable development and capacity building of the developing countries.The EU also emphasizes international cooperation,diversified approaches and technology transfers in its climate assistance policy.However,the divergences among the member states and the negative effects of the European debt crisis have constrained the development of the EU's climate assistance and in the post-Paris era,the EU may require more contributions from the other parties to climate assistance and enhance evaluation and supervision in the process of climate assistance.