中国乡土小说的发端与演进

The Initiation and Development of Chinese Local Novel

关于"乡土"的书写一直是文学创作的一个基本母题。自20世纪二十年代以来,中国乡土小说的发展和演变大致经历了三个阶段:"五四"前后至20世纪三十年代为乡土小说发端与拓展期,在鲁迅"改造国民性"思想的启迪下,形成了中国第一个小说流派—乡土小说流派;20世纪40年代至70年代中后期为乡土小说承继与变调期,解放区以及建国后的乡土小说在延安讲话的规范下,逐渐走向"农村题材小说"发展道路;70年代末至新世纪初为乡土小说转型与新变期,这一期间的乡土小说摆脱了政治对文学的枷锁,重返乡土文学的审美追求,并在新世纪前后呈现出多元化发展趋势。回望乡土小说走过的近百年历程,无论是现实的、或者是历史的,是浪漫的、或者是现代的,每一部作品都在演绎着不同的乡土故事,每一个乡土故事又承载着作家不同的乡土经验,并从中折射出作家对乡土中国近百年历史和当下现实的思考与追问。

The writing about Local has always been a basic motif in literature. The development and evolvement of Chinese local novel has roughly undergone three stages since 1920s. The 1st stage starts from May 4th Movement to 1930s. In this period with the e-licitation of Lu Xun’s thought of Remolding Chinese National Character, China’s first school of novel--the Local Novel School emerged. The 2nd stage starting from 1940s to the mid-late 1970s was the modulation phase of local novel. During this phase, owing to the standardization of Yan’an Speech, the local novel in liberated areas after the establishment of PRC gradually followed the road of Coun-tryside Theme Novel. The 3rd stage starting from the late 1970s to the beginning of the new century was the transformation period of lo-cal novel. Local novel in this phase extricated the political chains on literature, returned to the aesthetic aims of local literature and demonstrated a trend of diversified development in the new century.