人工养殖下施氏鲟Acipenser schrenckii、达氏鳇Huso dauricus及其杂交后代的繁殖特性

Comparison of Reproductive Characteristics Among Amur Sturgeon(Acipenser schrenckii),Kaluga Sturgeon(Huso dauricus)and Their Hybrid(Kaluga Sturgeon ♀× Amur Sturgeon♂)

2013年11月~2014年11月,测量5批次施氏鲟Acipenser schrenckii、黑龙江杂交鲟（达氏鳇Huso dauricus♀×施氏鲟♂）和达氏鳇Huso dauricus（共644尾）的体长、体质量,观察其生长、个体繁殖力、卵巢发育、卵径、卵质量和卵色等。结果表明：3种鲟雌亲鱼的体长与体质量差异显著,施氏鲟的体长和体质量显著小于杂交鲟与达氏鳇（P〈0.05）,而杂交鲟的体长和体质量则显著小于达氏鳇（P〈0.05）。施氏鲟、杂交鲟和达氏鳇雌亲鱼的成熟系数（GSI）和繁殖力差异显著,杂交鲟的GSI和平均绝对繁殖力显著高于施氏鲟和达氏鳇（P〈0.05）,而施氏鲟与达氏鳇的GSI无显著性差异（P〉0.05）。杂交鲟的相对繁殖力（Fw）显著高于施氏鲟与达氏鳇。3种鲟雌亲鱼产卵质量与体质量比值以10%~15%为主,该比值范围内雌性施氏鲟个体数约占同龄雌性个体的42.66%,杂交鲟为42.91%,达氏鳇为41.93%。施氏鲟和杂交鲟的卵多为棕色,而达氏鳇的卵为棕灰色。达氏鳇的卵径显著大于施氏鲟与杂交鲟。杂交鲟的绝对繁殖力、相对繁殖力及成熟系数均高于施氏鲟与达氏鳇,具有明显的杂交优势。

The growth, fecundity, egg color and egg size were studied in broodstock of Amur sturgeon （Acipenser schrenckii）, kaluga sturgeon （Huso dauricus ） and their hybrid （kaluga sturgeon 9 x Amur sturgeon 6 ） from November 2013 to November 2014. The results showed that there were significant differences in growth in body length and body weight of three sturgeon broodstocks （P 〈 0.05 ）. The Amur sturgeon broodstock had significantly less body length and body weight than kaluga sturgeon and hybrid sturgeon did （P 〈 0.05 ）. There were significantly higher gonadosomatic index （GSI） and absolute fecundity in the hybrid sturgeon than those in kaluga sturgeon and Amur sturgeon （P 〈 0.05 ）, without significant difference between kaluga sturgeon and Amur sturgeon （P 〉 0.05 ）. The hybrid sturgeon had higher relative fecundity per gram than Amur sturgeon and kaluga sturgeon did. Among the broodstocks of three sturgeons, the ratio of egg weight to body weight was primarily within about 10% - 15%, accounting for about 42.66% in Amur sturgeon, about 42.91% in hybrid sturgeon, and about 41.93% in kaluga sturgeon. In addition, Amur sturgeon and hybrid sturgeon had brown eggs in color, and the eggs of kaluga sturgeon showed brown gray in color. The kaluga sturgeon had larger eggs in diameter than Amur sturgeon and the hybrid did. The findings indicated that the hybrid sturgeon had higher fecundity than Amur sturgeon and kaluga sturgeon did, showing significant heterosis in fecundity.