从汉字构意看农耕时代男性的家庭地位——以“男”“夫”“父”“女”“妇”“妻”字为例

On Family Status of Men in Agricultural Era from Conformation of Chinese Characters: Taking Characters of “男”“夫”“父”“女”“妇”“妻” as Examples

"男""夫""父""女""妇""妻"等汉字的形音义及相关典籍记载多方面印证了中国农耕社会男性在家庭的核心地位。"男""夫""父"字从男性角度折射出男权的独断,而"女""妇""妻"字则从女性角度看出家庭中的妇女服从及对丈夫的依附。男性在家庭中的核心地位是男女工作性质的差异决定的,而男性耕作获得的收入是家庭中的主要经济来源。

The forms, pronunciation, meaning and related ancient records of Chinese characters “男”“夫”“父”“女”“妇”“妻” confirm that the male take the core position in the family in the Chinese agricultural society. The characters “男”“夫” and “父”reflect the arbitrary patriarchy from the aspect of the male,while from the aspect of female, the characters “女”“妇” and “妻” confirm that the female obey and depend on the male in the family. The core position of the male in the family is decided by the difference between their works, and the farming income of male is the main economic source of the family.