独山县2006～2015年狂犬病流行病学特征对比分析

Comparative Analysis on Epidemiological Characteristics of Rabies in Dushan County From 2006 to 2015

目的对比分析2006～2015年独山县狂犬病流行病学特征,进一步探讨更有效的防控措施。方法收集2006～2015年独山县狂犬病个案调查资料,通过Excel和统计学处理的方法进行统计分析。结果独山县2006～2015年,狂犬病发病呈现逐年下降的趋势,报告病例的特征依然为夏、秋季居多（66.67%）,男性多于女性（2.38：1）,职业以农民最多（87.04%）,病例全部来自农村居民（100%）,中位年龄48.5岁,40～70岁组中老年人占多数（62.96%）,致伤动物大多为犬,且具有暴露级别高和暴露后未进行规范处置等特征。结论 2006～2010年与2011～2015年的发病率的差异有统计学意义,呈现明显下降趋势。2006～2010年与2011～2015年的发病情况在年龄、职业、性别构成上的差异无统计学意义。提出提高犬类免疫率,普及狂犬病防治知识,及时规范伤口处置,全程接种狂犬疫苗及狂犬免疫球蛋白等措施是预防狂犬病发生的关键。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of rabies in Dushan county from 2006 to 2015, and to explore more effective measures for prevention and control of rabies. Methods A case study of rabies in Dushan county from 2006 to 2015 was collected, and statistical analysis was carried out by Excel and statistical methods. Results Dushan County in 2006 to 2015, the incidence of rabies presented had declining trend and characteristics of case report was in summer and autumn in majority（66.67%）, men were more than women（2.38：1） and farmers were most in career（87.04%）. Cases were all from rural residents（100%）,40 to 70 years of age group in the elderly accounted for most（62.96%）. Injured animals were mostly dogs, and exposed high grade and after exposure without features such as the disposal of the specification. Conclusion The incidence rate of 2006 ～ 2010 and 2011 ～ 2015 is significantly different, showing a significant downward trend. There is no significant difference in age, occupation and sex composition between 2006 ～ 2010 and 2011 ～ 2015 the onset of the disease. Proposed to increase the rate of canine immune, and popularize the knowledge of prevention and control of rabies, standardized and timely wound treatment and vaccination rabies vaccine and rabies immune globulin protein and other measures is the key to prevent the occurrence of rabies.